Indonesian Institute of Sciences

About: Indonesian Institute of Sciences is a facility organization based out in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Biology. The organization has 4795 authors who have published 10544 publications receiving 76990 citations. The organization is also known as: Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong, Indonesia.

Groundwater recharge and discharge processes in the Jakarta groundwater basin, Indonesia

Abstract: Proper management of groundwater resources requires knowledge of the processes of recharge and discharge associated with a groundwater basin Such processes have been identified in the Jakarta groundwater basin, Indonesia using a theory that describes the simultaneous transfer of heat and fluid in a porous medium Temperature-depth profiles in monitoring wells are used to determine the geothermal gradient To examine the rules of groundwater flow in the distortion of the isotherms in this area, several methods are compared Subsurface temperature distribution is strongly affected by heat advection due to groundwater flow Under natural flow conditions, the recharge area is assumed to occur in the hills and uplands, which are located on the periphery of the Jakarta basin, and the discharge area is located in the central and northern part of the Jakarta groundwater basin A transition area, which could act as local recharge and discharge areas, occupies the middle of the lowland Subsurface temperatures show good correlation with the groundwater flow conditions, and the data yield important information on the location of recharge and discharge areas

The value of differently managed cacao plantations for forest bird conservation in Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract: In order to assess the potential value of differently managed cacao plantations for bird conservation on Sulawesi, we surveyed birds in near-primary forest (with limited timber and rattan extraction, and some hunting), cacao plantations with remnant forest trees and plantations lacking forest trees, from February to April 2007. A total of 16 50 x 50 m plots were visited twice and records of 87 species were obtained. Bird species richness and the number of endemics and forest specialists decreased along this gradient of forest conversion, with 20% of the forest specialists, among them 10 endemics, exclusively found in forest. Species composition changed dramatically between habitat types. Sorensen indices showed a similarity of species composition between forests and plantations of 45–60% for forest specialists and 65–71% for all species. The most important environmental variable for the diversity and composition of birds was the number of remnant rainforest trees present in the plantations. Our results suggest that large, undisturbed rainforest are most important for the conservation of forest specialists and endemics but that cacao plantations, if managed to maintain a high and diverse cover of forest trees, can harbour up to 60% of forest specialists and endemics.

Characterization of cassava starch attributes of different genotypes

Abstract: The genetic variation of starch of Indonesian cassava genotypes with various morphological characteristics of roots and eco-geographical origin was characterized and compared. The morphological characteristics of the roots of 71 collected cassava genotypes were classified into yellow and white for flesh colors, purple, pink, light brown, yellow, cream and white for cortex colors, dark brown and light brown for external colors, as well as conical and cylindrical for root shapes. Starch samples extracted from 17 genotypes showed that the amylose content varied from 17.1 to 21.3%. The mean particle size was around 7.3 to 9.7 mu m, and the gelatinization onset temperature was in the range of 63.5-66.1 degrees C. Seven genotypes were analyzed in more detail for their physicochemical properties. The granule size distribution was in the range of 3.2 mu m to 17.6 mu m for d10 and d90 (i.e. 90% of the granules were bigger than 3.2 pm and 90% were smaller than 17.6 mu m), respectively, and the median granule size was around 7.7-10.8 mu m. The gelatinization temperatures of the different cassava starches were in the range of 63.5-66.1 degrees C. The phosphate content varied from 23.5-25.3 nmol/mg starch. Particle size distribution and gelatinization temperature as well as the phosphate content of the starch of the selected seven genotypes also showed minor differences among the genotypes. The swelling power of all starches showed some differences between genotypes, but the profiles were similar. The opacity of starch of all the tested genotypes increased twofold within six days, but no large differences among the different genotypes could be detected except for the genotype Ketan. Strength of the gels, which are indicated with force, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and elasticity, also did not show large differences.

Cytotoxic prenylated xanthones and the unusual compounds anthraquinobenzophenones from Cratoxylum sumatranum.

Abstract: Six new xanthones, cratoxyarborenones A−F (1−6), were isolated from the leaves, twigs, and/or stem bark of Cratoxylum sumatranum along with the known compound, vismione B (9), as active constituents by bioassay-directed fractionation using the KB human cancer cell line cytotoxicity assay. In addition, two novel anthraquinobenzophenones, cratoxyarborequinones A (7) and B (8), and two known compounds, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone 4-O-geranyl ether and δ-tocotrienol, were obtained as inactive constituents.