Institution
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Nonprofit•Laxenburg, Austria•
About: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis is a nonprofit organization based out in Laxenburg, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Greenhouse gas. The organization has 1369 authors who have published 5075 publications receiving 280467 citations. The organization is also known as: IIASA.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined whether and to what extent the EUA price drop can be justified by three commonly identified explanatory factors: the economic recession, renewable policies and the use of international credits.
324 citations
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International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis1, Simon Fraser University2, University College London3, University of Sydney4, Queensland University of Technology5, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna6, University of Zurich7, Museum für Naturkunde8, University of Wisconsin-Madison9, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education10, World Meteorological Organization11, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation12, Federal Statistical Office13, United Nations14, Yale-NUS College15, University of Dundee16, Autonomous University of Barcelona17, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars18, Stockholm Environment Institute19
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a roadmap that outlines how citizen science can be integrated into the formal sustainable development goals reporting mechanisms, which will require leadership from the United Nations, innovation from National Statistical Offices and focus from the citizen-science community to identify the indicators for which citizen scientists can make a real contribution.
Abstract: Traditional data sources are not sufficient for measuring the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. New and non-traditional sources of data are required. Citizen science is an emerging example of a non-traditional data source that is already making a contribution. In this Perspective, we present a roadmap that outlines how citizen science can be integrated into the formal Sustainable Development Goals reporting mechanisms. Success will require leadership from the United Nations, innovation from National Statistical Offices and focus from the citizen-science community to identify the indicators for which citizen science can make a real contribution.
324 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a meta-theoretical framework for analyzing national energy transitions by considering three types of systems: energy flows and markets, energy technologies, and energy-related policies.
Abstract: Economic development, technological innovation, and policy change are especially prominent factors shaping energy transitions. Therefore explaining energy transitions requires combining insights from disciplines investigating these factors. The existing literature is not consistent in identifying these disciplines nor proposing how they can be combined. We conceptualize national energy transitions as a co-evolution of three types of systems: energy flows and markets, energy technologies, and energy-related policies. The focus on the three types of systems gives rise to three perspectives on national energy transitions: techno-economic with its roots in energy systems analysis and various domains of economics; socio-technical with its roots in sociology of technology, STS, and evolutionary economics; and political with its roots in political science. We use the three perspectives as an organizing principle to propose a meta-theoretical framework for analyzing national energy transitions. Following Elinor Ostrom's approach, the proposed framework explains national energy transitions through a nested conceptual map of variables and theories. In comparison with the existing meta-theoretical literature, the three perspectives framework elevates the role of political science since policies are likely to be increasingly prominent in shaping 21st century energy transitions.
322 citations
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International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis1, Environmental Change Institute2, BirdLife International3, University of Cambridge4, ETH Zurich5, Indian Institutes of Technology6, Natural History Museum7, Bioversity International8, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation9, Sapienza University of Rome10, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency11, Zoological Society of London12, World Conservation Monitoring Centre13, Ritsumeikan University14, National Institute for Environmental Studies15, Radboud University Nijmegen16, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research17, University College London18, Imperial College London19, Wageningen University and Research Centre20, Agricultural & Applied Economics Association21, Stockholm Resilience Centre22, Kyoto University23, Humboldt University of Berlin24, Leipzig University25, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro26, International Institute of Minnesota27, Utrecht University28, University of Queensland29, Wildlife Conservation Society30
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used an ensemble of land-use and biodiversity models to assess whether and how humans can reverse the declines in terrestrial biodiversity caused by habitat conversion, which is a major threat to biodiversity.
Abstract: Increased efforts are required to prevent further losses to terrestrial biodiversity and the ecosystem services that it provides1,2. Ambitious targets have been proposed, such as reversing the declining trends in biodiversity3; however, just feeding the growing human population will make this a challenge4. Here we use an ensemble of land-use and biodiversity models to assess whether—and how—humanity can reverse the declines in terrestrial biodiversity caused by habitat conversion, which is a major threat to biodiversity5. We show that immediate efforts, consistent with the broader sustainability agenda but of unprecedented ambition and coordination, could enable the provision of food for the growing human population while reversing the global terrestrial biodiversity trends caused by habitat conversion. If we decide to increase the extent of land under conservation management, restore degraded land and generalize landscape-level conservation planning, biodiversity trends from habitat conversion could become positive by the mid-twenty-first century on average across models (confidence interval, 2042–2061), but this was not the case for all models. Food prices could increase and, on average across models, almost half (confidence interval, 34–50%) of the future biodiversity losses could not be avoided. However, additionally tackling the drivers of land-use change could avoid conflict with affordable food provision and reduces the environmental effects of the food-provision system. Through further sustainable intensification and trade, reduced food waste and more plant-based human diets, more than two thirds of future biodiversity losses are avoided and the biodiversity trends from habitat conversion are reversed by 2050 for almost all of the models. Although limiting further loss will remain challenging in several biodiversity-rich regions, and other threats—such as climate change—must be addressed to truly reverse the declines in biodiversity, our results show that ambitious conservation efforts and food system transformation are central to an effective post-2020 biodiversity strategy. To promote the recovery of the currently declining global trends in terrestrial biodiversity, increases in both the extent of land under conservation management and the sustainability of the global food system from farm to fork are required.
316 citations
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University of Maryland, College Park1, University of New Hampshire2, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research3, Joint Global Change Research Institute4, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency5, Durham University6, National Institute for Environmental Studies7, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis8, University of Bern9, Max Planck Society10, University of Hong Kong11, National Center for Atmospheric Research12, University of Copenhagen13, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich14, Goddard Space Flight Center15, Princeton University16, Oak Ridge National Laboratory17, Food and Agriculture Organization18, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science19
TL;DR: The Land-Use Harmonization 2 (LUH2) project is presented, which smoothly connects updated historical reconstructions of land use with eight new future projections in the format required for ESMs to enable new and improved estimates of the combined effects of landUse on the global carbon–climate system.
Abstract: . Human land-use activities have resulted in large changes to the biogeochemical and biophysical properties of the Earth surface, with consequences for climate and other ecosystem services. In the future, land-use activities are likely to expand and/or intensify further to meet growing demands for food, fiber, and energy. As part of the World Climate Research Program Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), the international community is developing the next generation of advanced Earth System Models (ESMs) to estimate the combined effects of human activities (e.g. land use and fossil fuel emissions) on the carbon-climate system. A new set of historical data based on the History of the Global Environment database (HYDE), and multiple alternative scenarios of the future (2015–2100) from Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) teams, are required as input for these models. Here we present results from the Land-use Harmonization 2 (LUH2) project, with the goal to smoothly connect updated historical reconstructions of land-use with new future projections in the format required for ESMs. The harmonization strategy estimates the fractional land-use patterns, underlying land-use transitions, key agricultural management information, and resulting secondary lands annually, while minimizing the differences between the end of the historical reconstruction and IAM initial conditions and preserving changes depicted by the IAMs in the future. The new approach builds off a similar effort from CMIP5, and is now provided at higher resolution (0.25 × 0.25 degree), over a longer time domain (850–2100, with extensions to 2300), with more detail (including multiple crop and pasture types and associated management practices), using more input datasets (including Landsat remote sensing data), updated algorithms (wood harvest and shifting cultivation), and is assessed via a new diagnostic package. The new LUH2 products contain > 50 times the information content of the datasets used in CMIP5, and are designed to enable new and improved estimates of the combined effects of land-use on the global carbon-climate system.
316 citations
Authors
Showing all 1418 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Martin A. Nowak | 148 | 591 | 94394 |
Paul J. Crutzen | 130 | 461 | 80651 |
Andreas Richter | 110 | 769 | 48262 |
David G. Streets | 106 | 364 | 42154 |
Drew Shindell | 102 | 340 | 49481 |
Wei Liu | 102 | 2927 | 65228 |
Jean-Francois Lamarque | 100 | 385 | 55326 |
Frank Dentener | 97 | 220 | 58666 |
James W. Vaupel | 89 | 434 | 34286 |
Keywan Riahi | 87 | 318 | 58030 |
Larry W. Horowitz | 85 | 253 | 28706 |
Robert J. Scholes | 84 | 253 | 37019 |
Mark A. Sutton | 83 | 423 | 30716 |
Brian Walsh | 82 | 233 | 29589 |
Börje Johansson | 82 | 871 | 30985 |