Rutgers University

About: Rutgers University is a education organization based out in New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 68736 authors who have published 159418 publications receiving 6713860 citations. The organization is also known as: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey & Rutgers.

Marine Taxa Track Local Climate Velocities

Abstract: Organisms are expected to adapt or move in response to climate change, but observed distribution shifts span a wide range of directions and rates. Explanations often emphasize biological distinctions among species, but general mechanisms have been elusive. We tested an alternative hypothesis: that differences in climate velocity—the rate and direction that climate shifts across the landscape—can explain observed species shifts. We compiled a database of coastal surveys around North America from 1968 to 2011, sampling 128 million individuals across 360 marine taxa. Climate velocity explained the magnitude and direction of shifts in latitude and depth much more effectively than did species characteristics. Our results demonstrate that marine species shift at different rates and directions because they closely track the complex mosaic of local climate velocities.

Tunneling or Value Addition? Evidence from Mergers by Korean Business Groups

Abstract: Business groups in emerging markets have the potential to create either value or agency problems. Using Korean mergers, we investigate the nature of business groups in emerging markets and examine whether Korean business groups (chaebols) add value to their member firms or provide the controlling shareholders with an opportunity for wealth transfer (tunneling). We show that chaebol-affiliated firms that performed well prior to the merger realize significantly negative announcement returns. We also find that chaebol bidders who acquired poorly performing targets within the same group and/or had concentrated equity ownership by owner-managers experience significantly negative abnormal returns. These types of mergers, however, have a significantly positive effect on the market value of the portfolio of other firms in the group. Our results support the tunneling view that firms belonging to business groups pay less attention to the maximization of individual firm value and make takeover decisions that are beneficial to only controlling shareholders.

Electric polarization as a bulk quantity and its relation to surface charge

Abstract: A definition of the electric polarization of an insulating crystalline solid is given in terms of the centers of charge of the Wannier functions of the occupied bands The change of this quantity under an adiabatic evolution of the Hamiltonian has previously been shown to correspond to the physical change in polarization Here, we show that the polarization as defined above also has a direct and predictive relationship to the surface charge which accumulates at an insulating surface or interface

Glucose feeds the TCA cycle via circulating lactate.

Abstract: Mammalian tissues are fuelled by circulating nutrients, including glucose, amino acids, and various intermediary metabolites. Under aerobic conditions, glucose is generally assumed to be burned fully by tissues via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) to carbon dioxide. Alternatively, glucose can be catabolized anaerobically via glycolysis to lactate, which is itself also a potential nutrient for tissues and tumours. The quantitative relevance of circulating lactate or other metabolic intermediates as fuels remains unclear. Here we systematically examine the fluxes of circulating metabolites in mice, and find that lactate can be a primary source of carbon for the TCA cycle and thus of energy. Intravenous infusions of 13C-labelled nutrients reveal that, on a molar basis, the circulatory turnover flux of lactate is the highest of all metabolites and exceeds that of glucose by 1.1-fold in fed mice and 2.5-fold in fasting mice; lactate is made primarily from glucose but also from other sources. In both fed and fasted mice, 13C-lactate extensively labels TCA cycle intermediates in all tissues. Quantitative analysis reveals that during the fasted state, the contribution of glucose to tissue TCA metabolism is primarily indirect (via circulating lactate) in all tissues except the brain. In genetically engineered lung and pancreatic cancer tumours in fasted mice, the contribution of circulating lactate to TCA cycle intermediates exceeds that of glucose, with glutamine making a larger contribution than lactate in pancreatic cancer. Thus, glycolysis and the TCA cycle are uncoupled at the level of lactate, which is a primary circulating TCA substrate in most tissues and tumours.