University of Wisconsin-Madison

About: University of Wisconsin-Madison is a education organization based out in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 108707 authors who have published 237594 publications receiving 11883575 citations.

Symmetric Multivariate and Related Distributions

Abstract: Part 1 Preliminaries: construction of symmetric multivariate distributions notation of algebraic entities and characteristics of random quantities the "d" operator groups and invariance dirichlet distribution problems 1. Part 2 Spherically and elliptically symmetric distributions: introduction and definition marginal distributions, moments and density marginal distributions moments density the relationship between (phi) and f conditional distributions properties of elliptically symmetric distributions mixtures of normal distributions robust statistics and regression model robust statistics regression model log-elliptical and additive logistic elliptical distributions multivariate log-elliptical distribution additive logistic elliptical distributions complex elliptically symmetric distributions. Part 3 Some subclasses of elliptical distributions: multiuniform distribution the characteristic function moments marginal distribution conditional distributions uniform distribution in the unit sphere discussion symmetric Kotz type distributions definition distribution of R(2) moments multivariate normal distributions the c.f. of Kotz type distributions symmetric multivariate Pearson type VII distributions definition marginal densities conditional distributions moments conditional distributions moments some examples extended Tn family relationships between Ln and Tn families of distributions order statistics mixtures of exponential distributions independence, robustness and characterizations problems V. Part 6 Multivariate Liouville distributions: definitions and properties examples marginal distributions conditional distribution characterizations scale-invariant statistics survival functions inequalities and applications.

Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior

Abstract: Introduction: Bentham's corpse. Part 1 Evolutionary altruism: altruism as a biological concept a unified evolutionary theory of social behaviour adaptation and multilevel selection group selection and human behaviour human groups as adaptive units. Part 2 Psychological altruism: motives as proximate mechanisms three theories of motivation psychological evidence psychological evidence philosophical arguments the evolution of psychological altruism. Conclusion pluralsim.

Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer

Abstract: BACKGROUND We used modeling techniques to assess the relative and absolute contributions of screening mammography and adjuvant treatment to the reduction in breast-cancer mortality in the United States from 1975 to 2000. METHODS A consortium of investigators developed seven independent statistical models of breast-cancer incidence and mortality. All seven groups used the same sources to obtain data on the use of screening mammography, adjuvant treatment, and benefits of treatment with respect to the rate of death from breast cancer. RESULTS The proportion of the total reduction in the rate of death from breast cancer attributed to screening varied in the seven models from 28 to 65 percent (median, 46 percent), with adjuvant treatment contributing the rest. The variability across models in the absolute contribution of screening was larger than it was for treatment, reflecting the greater uncertainty associated with estimating the benefit of screening. CONCLUSIONS Seven statistical models showed that both screening mammography and treatment have helped reduce the rate of death from breast cancer in the United States.

Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences

Abstract: In the last two decades, the widespread application of genetic and genomic approaches has revealed a bacterial world astonishing in its ubiquity and diversity. This review examines how a growing knowledge of the vast range of animal–bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding of animal biology. Specifically, we highlight recent technological and intellectual advances that have changed our thinking about five questions: how have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other’s genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts; and how can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of animal–bacterial interaction. As answers to these fundamental questions emerge, all biologists will be challenged to broaden their appreciation of these interactions and to include investigations of the relationships between and among bacteria and their animal partners as we seek a better understanding of the natural world.

Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: a consensus statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force. Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine.

Abstract: Continuing Medical Education Course for "Use of Carotid Ultrasound to Identify Subclinical Vascular Disease and Evaluate Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Consensus Statement for the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force" Accreditation Statement The American Society of Echocardiography is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The American Society of Echocardiography designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits ™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. ARDMS and CCI recognize ASE's certificates and have agreed to honor the credit hours toward their registry requirements for sonographers. The American Society of Echocardiography is committed to resolving all conflict of interest issues, and its mandate is to retain only those speakers with financial interests that can be reconciled with the goals and educational integrity of the educational program. Disclosure of faculty and commercial support sponsor relationships, if any, have been indicated. Target Audience 1. Physicians, physicians' assistants, and nurses with an interest in cardiac and vascular imaging, preventive cardiology, and cardiovascular disease risk assessment. 2. Ultrasonographers with interest in vascular imaging and cardiovascular disease risk assessment. Objectives Upon completing this activity, participants will be able to: 1. Describe the rationale for using carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and to evaluate cardiovascular disease risk. 2. Explain the application of carotid ultrasound to cardiovascular disease risk assessment. 3. Describe the scanning technique for identifying subclinical vascular disease using carotid ultrasound. 4. Explain the key components of interpreting carotid ultrasound studies for cardiovascular disease risk assessment. Authors Disclosures James H. Stein, MD, FASE: Research grants: Siemens Medical Solutions, Sonosite Intellectual property: listed as the inventor of Patent #US 6,730,0235 "Ultrasonic Apparatus and Method for Providing Quantitative Indication of Risk of Coronary Heart Disease." It has been assigned to the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. Emile R. Mohler III, MD: Speakers bureau for Merck, BMS-Sanofi and AstraZeneca; Research grant support from BMS-Sanofi, Pfizer and GSK. Christopher M. Rembold, MD: Advisory Board for Sonosite. Estimated Time to Complete This Activity: 1 hour