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ExoCarta 2012: database of exosomal proteins, RNA and lipids

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TLDR
This work believes that this free web-based community resource will aid researchers in identifying molecular signatures (proteins/RNA/lipids) that are specific to certain tissue/cell type derived exosomes and trigger new exosomal studies.
Abstract
Exosomes are membraneous nanovesicles of endocytic origin released by most cell types from diverse organisms; they play a critical role in cell-cell communication. ExoCarta (http://www.exocarta.org) is a manually curated database of exosomal proteins, RNA and lipids. The database catalogs information from both published and unpublished exosomal studies. The mode of exosomal purification and characterization, the biophysical and molecular properties are listed in the database aiding biomedical scientists in assessing the quality of the exosomal preparation and the corresponding data obtained. Currently, ExoCarta (Version 3.1) contains information on 11,261 protein entries, 2375 mRNA entries and 764 miRNA entries that were obtained from 134 exosomal studies. In addition to the data update, as a new feature, lipids identified in exosomes are added to ExoCarta. We believe that this free web-based community resource will aid researchers in identifying molecular signatures (proteins/RNA/lipids) that are specific to certain tissue/cell type derived exosomes and trigger new exosomal studies.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Biogenesis, Secretion, and Intercellular Interactions of Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles

TL;DR: Exosomes were described as vesicles of endosomal origin secreted from reticulocytes in the 1980s as discussed by the authors, and their biogenesis, their secretion, and their subsequent fate are discussed, as their functions rely on these important processes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions

María Yáñez-Mó, +72 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the physiological roles of EVs is provided, drawing on the unique EV expertise of academia-based scientists, clinicians and industry based in 27 European countries, the United States and Australia.

Biogenesis, Secretion, and Intercellular Interactions of Exosomes and Other

TL;DR: The definition of exosomes and other secreted extracellular vesicles, which mediating intercellular communication between different cell types in the body, and thus affecting normal and pathological conditions are focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI

The oyster genome reveals stress adaptation and complexity of shell formation

TL;DR: The sequencing and assembly of the oyster genome using short reads and a fosmid-pooling strategy and transcriptomes of development and stress response and the proteome of the shell are reported, showing that shell formation in molluscs is more complex than currently understood and involves extensive participation of cells and their exosomes.
Journal ArticleDOI

RNA in unexpected places: long non-coding RNA functions in diverse cellular contexts

TL;DR: A paradigm in which lncRNAs regulate transcription via chromatin modulation is supported, but new functions are steadily emerging, including post-transcriptional regulation, organization of protein complexes, cell-cell signalling and allosteric regulation of proteins.
References
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that the limiting membrane of MIICs can fuse directly with the plasma membrane, resulting in release from the cells of internal MHC class II-containing vesicles, suggesting a role for exosomes in antigen presentation in vivo.
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TL;DR: This review focuses on various strategies for purifying exosomes and discusses their biophysical and biochemical properties, and an update on proteomic analysis of exosome from various cell types and body fluids is provided and host-cell specific proteomic signatures are discussed.
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Eradication of established murine tumors using a novel cell-free vaccine: dendritic cell-derived exosomes

TL;DR: Dendritic cells are shown to secrete antigen presenting vesicles, called exosomes, which express functional Major Histocompatibility Complex class I and class II, and T-cell costimulatory molecules, which prime specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo.
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Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine

TL;DR: The results indicate that exosome isolation may provide an efficient first step in biomarker discovery in urine and identify numerous protein components of MVBs and of the endosomal pathway in general.
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Fate of the transferrin receptor during maturation of sheep reticulocytes in vitro: Selective externalization of the receptor

TL;DR: The fate of the transferrin receptor during in vitro maturation of sheep reticulocytes has been followed using FITC- and 125I-labeled anti-transferrin-receptor antibodies and it can be shown that at 0 degree C or in phosphate-buffered saline the rate of vesicle release is less than that at 37 degrees C in culture medium.
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