Journal ArticleDOI
Observing terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle from space
David S. Schimel,Ryan Pavlick,Joshua B. Fisher,Gregory P. Asner,Sassan Saatchi,Philip A. Townsend,Charles E. Miller,Christian Frankenberg,Kathy Hibbard,Peter M. Cox +9 more
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TLDR
The spatial distribution of in situ data for carbon fluxes, stocks and plant traits globally is analyzed and the potential of remote sensing to observe these quantities is evaluated, with satellite observations providing the dense sampling in space and time required to characterize the heterogeneity of ecosystem structure and function.Abstract:
Terrestrial ecosystem and carbon cycle feedbacks will significantly impact future climate, but their responses are highly uncertain. Models and tipping point analyses suggest the tropics and arctic/boreal zone carbon-climate feedbacks could be disproportionately large. In situ observations in those regions are sparse, resulting in high uncertainties in carbon fluxes and fluxes. Key parameters controlling ecosystem carbon responses, such as plant traits, are also sparsely observed in the tropics, with the most diverse biome on the planet treated as a single type in models. We analyzed the spatial distribution of in situ data for carbon fluxes, stocks and plant traits globally and also evaluated the potential of remote sensing to observe these quantities. New satellite data products go beyond indices of greenness and can address spatial sampling gaps for specific ecosystem properties and parameters. Because environmental conditions and access limit in situ observations in tropical and arctic/boreal environments, use of space-based techniques can reduce sampling bias and uncertainty about tipping point feedbacks to climate. To reliably detect change and develop the understanding of ecosystems needed for prediction, significantly, more data are required in critical regions. This need can best be met with a strategic combination of remote and in situ data, with satellite observations providing the dense sampling in space and time required to characterize the heterogeneity of ecosystem structure and function.read more
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Characteristics, drivers and feedbacks of global greening
Shilong Piao,Shilong Piao,Xuhui Wang,Taejin Park,Taejin Park,Chi Chen,Xu Lian,Yue He,Jarle W. Bjerke,Anping Chen,Philippe Ciais,Philippe Ciais,Hans Tømmervik,Ramakrishna R. Nemani,Ranga B. Myneni +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the detection of the greening signal, its causes and its consequences, and showed that greening is pronounced over intensively farmed or afforested areas, such as in China and India, reflecting human activities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modeling Soil Processes: Review, Key Challenges, and New Perspectives
Harry Vereecken,Andrea Schnepf,Jan W. Hopmans,Mathieu Javaux,Dani Or,Tiina Roose,Jan Vanderborght,Michael H. Young,Wulf Amelung,Matt Aitkenhead,Steven D. Allison,Shmuel Assouline,Philippe C. Baveye,Markus Berli,Nicolas Brüggemann,Peter Finke,Markus Flury,Thomas Gaiser,Gerard Govers,Teamrat A. Ghezzehei,Paul D. Hallett,Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen,J. Heppell,Rainer Horn,Johan Alexander Huisman,Diederik Jacques,François Jonard,Stefan Kollet,François Lafolie,Krzysztof Lamorski,Daniel Leitner,Alex B. McBratney,Budiman Minasny,Carsten Montzka,Wolfgang Nowak,Ya. A. Pachepsky,José Padarian,Nunzio Romano,Kurt Roth,Youri Rothfuss,Edwin C. Rowe,Andreas Schwen,Jirka Šimůnek,Aaldrik Tiktak,J.C. van Dam,S.E.A.T.M. van der Zee,Hans-Jörg Vogel,Jasper A. Vrugt,Thomas Wöhling,Iain M. Young +49 more
TL;DR: Key challenges in modeling soil processes are identified, including the systematic incorporation of heterogeneity and uncertainty, the integration of data and models, and strategies for effective integration of knowledge on physical, chemical, and biological soil processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Compensatory water effects link yearly global land CO2 sink changes to temperature
Martin Jung,Markus Reichstein,Christopher R. Schwalm,Chris Huntingford,Stephen Sitch,Anders Ahlström,Almut Arneth,Gustau Camps-Valls,Philippe Ciais,Pierre Friedlingstein,Fabian Gans,Kazuhito Ichii,Kazuhito Ichii,Atul K. Jain,Etsushi Kato,Dario Papale,Ben Poulter,Botond Ráduly,Christian Rödenbeck,Gianluca Tramontana,Nicolas Viovy,Ying-Ping Wang,Ulrich Weber,Sönke Zaehle,Ning Zeng +24 more
TL;DR: The study indicates that spatial climate covariation drives the global carbon cycle response and helps to reconcile seemingly contradictory reports regarding the importance of temperature and water in controlling the interannual variability of the terrestrial carbon balance.
Journal ArticleDOI
OCO-2 advances photosynthesis observation from space via solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
Ying Sun,Christian Frankenberg,Jeffrey D. Wood,David S. Schimel,Martin Jung,Luis Guanter,Darren T. Drewry,Darren T. Drewry,M. Verma,Albert Porcar-Castell,Timothy J. Griffis,Lianhong Gu,Troy S. Magney,Philipp Köhler,Bradley Evans,Karen Yuen +15 more
TL;DR: OCO-2 represents a major advance in satellite SIF remote sensing and suggests that SIF is a powerful proxy for GPP at multiple spatiotemporal scales and that high-quality satellite Sif is of central importance to studying terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle.
Journal ArticleDOI
A roadmap for improving the representation of photosynthesis in Earth system models
Alistair Rogers,Belinda E. Medlyn,Jeffrey S. Dukes,Gordon B. Bonan,Susanne von Caemmerer,Michael Dietze,Jens Kattge,Andrew D. B. Leakey,Lina M. Mercado,Ülo Niinemets,I. Colin Prentice,I. Colin Prentice,Shawn P. Serbin,Stephen Sitch,Danielle A. Way,Danielle A. Way,Sönke Zaehle +16 more
TL;DR: This work compared the representation of photosynthesis in seven TBMs by examining leaf and canopy level responses of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to key environmental variables: light, temperature, CO2 concentration, vapor pressure deficit and soil water content.
References
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Pierre Friedlingstein,Peter M. Cox,Richard Betts,Laurent Bopp,W. von Bloh,Victor Brovkin,Patricia Cadule,Scott C. Doney,Michael Eby,Inez Fung,Govindasamy Bala,Jasmin John,Chris D. Jones,Fortunat Joos,Tomomichi Kato,Michio Kawamiya,Wolfgang Knorr,Keith Lindsay,H. D. Matthews,H. D. Matthews,Thomas Raddatz,Peter Rayner,Christian Reick,Erich Roeckner,K.-G. Schnitzler,Reiner Schnur,K. M. Strassmann,Andrew J. Weaver,Chisato Yoshikawa,Ning Zeng +29 more
TL;DR: In this article, eleven coupled climate-carbon cycle models were used to study the coupling between climate change and the carbon cycle. But, there was still a large uncertainty on the magnitude of these sensitivities.
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The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission
Dara Entekhabi,Eni G. Njoku,Peggy O'Neill,Kent Kellogg,Wade T. Crow,W. Edelstein,Jared Entin,Shawn D Goodman,Thomas J. Jackson,Joel T. Johnson,John S. Kimball,Jeffrey R. Piepmeier,Randal D. Koster,Neil R.W. Martin,Kyle C. McDonald,Mahta Moghaddam,Susan Moran,Rolf H. Reichle,Jiancheng Shi,Michael W. Spencer,Samuel W Thurman,Leung Tsang,Jakob van Zyl +22 more
TL;DR: The Soil Moisture Active Passive mission is one of the first Earth observation satellites being developed by NASA in response to the National Research Council's Decadal Survey to make global measurements of the soil moisture present at the Earth's land surface.
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