Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for the COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on SARS-CoV Immunological Studies.
TLDR
This study identified a set of B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins that map identically to SARS-CoV-2 proteins, providing a screened set of epitopes that can help guide experimental efforts towards the development of vaccines against this novel virus.Abstract:
The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an imminent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In this study, we sought to gain insights for vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2 by considering the high genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, which caused the outbreak in 2003, and leveraging existing immunological studies of SARS-CoV. By screening the experimentally-determined SARS-CoV-derived B cell and T cell epitopes in the immunogenic structural proteins of SARS-CoV, we identified a set of B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins that map identically to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. As no mutation has been observed in these identified epitopes among the 120 available SARS-CoV-2 sequences (as of 21 February 2020), immune targeting of these epitopes may potentially offer protection against this novel virus. For the T cell epitopes, we performed a population coverage analysis of the associated MHC alleles and proposed a set of epitopes that is estimated to provide broad coverage globally, as well as in China. Our findings provide a screened set of epitopes that can help guide experimental efforts towards the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.read more
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Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science.
Nicolas Vabret,Graham J. Britton,Conor Gruber,Samarth Hegde,Joel Kim,Maria Kuksin,Rachel Levantovsky,Louise Malle,Alvaro Moreira,Matthew D. Park,Luisanna Pia,Emma Risson,Miriam Saffern,Bérengère Salomé,Myvizhi Esai Selvan,Matthew P. Spindler,Jessica Tan,Verena van der Heide,Jill Gregory,Konstantina Alexandropoulos,Nina Bhardwaj,Brian D. Brown,Benjamin Greenbaum,Zeynep H. Gümüş,Dirk Homann,Amir Horowitz,Alice O. Kamphorst,Maria A. Curotto de Lafaille,Saurabh Mehandru,Miriam Merad,Robert M. Samstein,Manasi Agrawal,Mark Aleynick,Meriem Belabed,Matthew Brown,Maria Casanova-Acebes,Jovani Catalan,Monica Centa,Andrew Charap,Andrew K Chan,Steven T. Chen,Jonathan Chung,Cansu Cimen Bozkus,Evan Cody,Francesca Cossarini,Erica Dalla,Nicolas F. Fernandez,John A. Grout,Dan Fu Ruan,Pauline Hamon,Etienne Humblin,Divya Jha,Julia Kodysh,Andrew Leader,Matthew Lin,Katherine E. Lindblad,Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo,Gabrielle Lubitz,Assaf Magen,Zafar Mahmood,Gustavo Martinez-Delgado,Jaime Mateus-Tique,Elliot Meritt,Chang Moon,Justine Noel,Timothy O'Donnell,Miyo Ota,Tamar Plitt,Venu Pothula,Jamie Redes,Ivan Reyes Torres,Mark P. Roberto,Alfonso R. Sanchez-Paulete,Joan Shang,Alessandra Soares Schanoski,Maria Suprun,Michelle Tran,Natalie Vaninov,C. Matthias Wilk,Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso,Dusan Bogunovic,Judy H. Cho,Jeremiah J. Faith,Emilie K. Grasset,Peter S. Heeger,Ephraim Kenigsberg,Florian Krammer,Uri Laserson +87 more
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death are summarized.
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Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability.
Philip J. M. Brouwer,Tom G. Caniels,Karlijn van der Straten,Jonne L. Snitselaar,Yoann Aldon,Sandhya Bangaru,Jonathan L. Torres,Nisreen M.A. Okba,Mathieu Claireaux,Gius Kerster,Arthur E. H. Bentlage,Marlies M. van Haaren,Denise Guerra,Judith A. Burger,Edith E. Schermer,Kirsten D. Verheul,Niels van der Velde,Alex van der Kooi,Jelle van Schooten,Mariëlle J. van Breemen,Tom P. L. Bijl,Kwinten Sliepen,Aafke Aartse,Aafke Aartse,Ronald Derking,Ilja Bontjer,Neeltje A. Kootstra,W. Joost Wiersinga,Gestur Vidarsson,Bart L. Haagmans,Andrew B. Ward,Godelieve J. de Bree,Rogier W. Sanders,Rogier W. Sanders,Marit J. van Gils +34 more
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Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19
Kuldeep Dhama,Khan Sharun,Ruchi Tiwari,Shubhankar Sircar,Sudipta Bhat,Yashpal Singh Malik,Karam Pal Singh,Wanpen Chaicumpa,D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana,Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales +9 more
TL;DR: Analysis of epidemiological, diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, including perspectives of vaccines and preventive measures that have already been globally recommended to counter this pandemic virus, suggest that this novel virus has been transferred from an animal source, such as bats.
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Broad and strong memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19.
Yanchun Peng,Alexander J. Mentzer,G Liu,G Liu,X Yao,Z Yin,D Dong,D Dong,Wanwisa Dejnirattisai,T Rostron,P Supasa,C Liu,Cesar Lopez-Camacho,J Slon-Campos,Yuguang Zhao,David I. Stuart,Guido C. Paesen,Jonathan M. Grimes,Alfred A. Antson,Oliver W. Bayfield,Hawkins Dedp.,Ker D-S.,B Wang,Lance Turtle,Krishanthi Subramaniam,Paul Thomson,P Zhang,Christina Dold,Jeremy Ratcliff,Peter Simmonds,T I de Silva,Paul Sopp,Dannielle Wellington,U S Rajapaksa,Chen Y-L.,Mariolina Salio,Giorgio Napolitani,Wayne Paes,Persephone Borrow,Benedikt M. Kessler,J W Fry,N F Schwabe,Malcolm G Semple,Malcolm G Semple,J K Baillie,Shona C Moore,Openshaw Pjm.,M A Ansari,Susanna Dunachie,Eleanor Barnes,John Frater,G Kerr,Philip J. R. Goulder,T Lockett,R Levin,Y Zhang,Y Zhang,R Jing,Ho L-P.,Richard J. Cornall,Christopher P. Conlon,Paul Klenerman,Gavin R. Screaton,Juthathip Mongkolsapaya,Andrew J. McMichael,Julian C. Knight,Graham S. Ogg,Tao Dong +67 more
TL;DR: The identification of T cell responses associated with milder disease will support an understanding of protective immunity and highlights the potential of including non-spike proteins within future COVID-19 vaccine design.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19.
Ahmet Kursat Azkur,Mübeccel Akdis,Dilek Azkur,Milena Sokolowska,Willem van de Veen,Marie-Charlotte Brüggen,Liam O'Mahony,Ya-dong Gao,Kari C. Nadeau,Cezmi A. Akdis +9 more
TL;DR: Understanding of the immune response and immunopathological changes in patients linked to deteriorating clinical conditions such as cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, autopsy findings and changes in acute‐phase reactants, and serum biochemistry in COVID‐19 is improved.
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Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: The authors show that this protein binds at least 10 times more tightly than the corresponding spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)–CoV to their common host cell receptor, and test several published SARS-CoV RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies found that they do not have appreciable binding to 2019-nCoV S, suggesting that antibody cross-reactivity may be limited between the two RBDs.
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