University of Kiel

About: University of Kiel is a education organization based out in Kiel, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Crystal structure. The organization has 27816 authors who have published 57114 publications receiving 2061802 citations. The organization is also known as: Christian Albrechts University & Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.

On the synthesis of strategies in infinite games

Abstract: Infinite two-person games are a natural framework for the study of reactive nonterminating programs. The effective construction of winning strategies in such games is an approach to the synthesis of reactive programs. We describe the automata theoretic setting of infinite games (given by “game graphs”), outline a new construction of winning strategies in finite-state games, and formulate some questions which arise for games over effectively presented infinite graphs.

Macromolecular Trafficking Indicated by Localization and Turnover of Sucrose Transporters in Enucleate Sieve Elements

Abstract: The leaf sucrose transporter SUT1 is essential for phloem loading and long-distance transport of assimilates. Both SUT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were shown to be diurnally regulated and to have high turnover rates. SUT1 protein was detected by immunolocalization in plasma membranes of enucleate sieve elements (SEs) in tobacco, potato, and tomato. Analysis by in situ hybridization showed that SUT1 mRNA localizes mainly to the SE and is preferentially associated with plasmodesmata. Antisense inhibition of SUT1 expression under control of a companion cell (CC)-specific promoter indicated synthesis of SUT1 mRNA in the CC. These results provide evidence for targeting of plant endogenous mRNA and potentially SUT1 protein through phloem plasmodesmata and for sucrose loading at the plasma membrane of SE.

Long-term results of five consecutive trials in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia performed by the ALL-BFM study group from 1981 to 2000

Abstract: Between 1981 and 2000, 6609 children (<18 years of age) were treated in five consecutive trials of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) study group for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Patients were treated in up to 82 centers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland Probability of 10-year event-free survival (EFS) (survival) improved from 65% (77%) in study ALL-BFM 81 to 78% (85%) in ALL-BFM 95 In parallel to relapse reduction, major efforts focused on reducing acute and late toxicity through advanced risk adaptation of treatment The major findings derived from these ALL-BFM trials were as follows: (1) preventive cranial radiotherapy could be safely reduced to 12 Gy in T-ALL and high-risk (HR) ALL patients, and eliminated in non- HR non-T-ALL patients, if it was replaced by high-dose and intrathecal (IT) MTX; (2) omission of delayed re-intensification severely impaired outcome of low-risk patients; (3) 6-month-less maintenance therapy caused an increase in systemic relapses; (4) slow response to an initial 7-day prednisone window was identified as adverse prognostic factor; (5) condensed induction therapy resulted in significant improvement of outcome; (6) the daunorubicin dose in induction could be safely reduced in low-risk patients and (7) intensification of consolidation/re-intensification treatment led to considerable improvement of outcome in HR patients

Anastrozole versus Megestrol Acetate in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Women with Advanced Breast Carcinoma Results of a Survival Update Based on a Combined Analysis of Data from Two Mature Phase III Trials

Abstract: BACKGROUND. This report presents the results of a survival update based on the combined data from two studies that compared the efficacy and tolerability of anastrozole (1 or 10 mg once daily), a selective, nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor administered orally, and megestrol acetate (40 mg 4 times daily) in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma whose disease had progressed after treatment with tamoxifen. METHODS. Two randomized, parallel-group, multicenter trials were conducted, involving a total of 764 patients. The two trials were identical in design; both were double blind for anastrozole and open label for megestrol acetate. Overview analyses were conducted with the intent of strengthening the interpretation of results from each trial. The median follow-up duration for this survival update was 31 months. RESULTS. At the clinical dose of 1 mg daily, anastrozole demonstrated a statistically significant survival advantage over megestrol acetate, with a hazard ratio of 0.78 (P , 0.025)(0.60 , 97.5% confidence interval [CI] ,1.0). The 1 mg anastrozole group also had a longer median time to death (26.7 months) compared with 22.5 months for the megestrol acetate group. The 10 mg anastrozole group also had a survival benefit over the megestrol acetate group, with a hazard ratio of 0.83 (P 5 0.09, not significant)(0.64 , 97.5% CI , 1.1). Higher 2-year survival rates were observed for both anastrozole treatment groups than for the megestrol acetate group (56.1%, 54.6%, and 46.3% for the groups given 1 mg anastrozole, 10 mg anastrozole, and megestrol acetate, respectively).

Effective mercury sorption by thiol-laced metal-organic frameworks: in strong acid and the vapor phase.

Abstract: Free-standing, accessible thiol (−SH) functions have been installed in robust, porous coordination networks to provide wide-ranging reactivities and properties in the solid state. The frameworks were assembled by reacting ZrCl4 or AlCl3 with 2,5-dimercapto-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2DMBD), which features the hard carboxyl and soft thiol functions. The resultant Zr-DMBD and Al-DMBD frameworks exhibit the UiO-66 and CAU-1 topologies, respectively, with the carboxyl bonded to the hard Zr(IV) or Al(III) center and the thiol groups decorating the pores. The thiol-laced Zr-DMBD crystals lower the Hg(II) concentration in water below 0.01 ppm and effectively take up Hg from the vapor phase. The Zr-DMBD solid also features a nearly white photoluminescence that is distinctly quenched after Hg uptake. The carboxyl/thiol combination thus illustrates the wider applicability of the hard-and-soft strategy for functional frameworks.