Showing papers by "University of Nevada, Reno published in 2011"
TL;DR: The development and psychometric evaluation of a second version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), which assesses the construct referred to as, variously, acceptance, experiential avoidance, and psychological inflexibility, indicates the satisfactory structure, reliability, and validity of this measure.
2,818 citations
Book•
28 Sep 2011TL;DR: Sandoz as discussed by the authors describes the Foundations of ACT: Taking a Functional Contextual Approach to Intervention, and discusses the Therapeutic Relationship in ACT, and the Future of ACT.
Abstract: Part I: Foundations and the Model. The Dilemma of Human Suffering. The Foundations of ACT: Taking a Functional Contextual Approach. Psychological Flexibility as a Unified Model of Human Functioning. Part II: Functional Analysis and Approach to Intervention. Sandoz, Case Formulation: Listening with ACT Ears, Seeing with ACT Eyes. The Therapeutic Relationship in ACT. Creating a Context for Change: Mind versus Experience. Part III: Core Clinical Processes. Sandoz, Present-moment Awareness. Dimensions of Self. Defusion. Acceptance. Values. Committed Action. Part IV: Building a Progressive Scientific Approach. Contextual Behavioral Science and the Future of ACT.
1,805 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic review of the sustainable supply chain management literature in the principal Logistics and Supply Chain Management journals, across a 20-year time frame, is presented.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic review of the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) literature in the principal logistics and supply chain management journals, across a 20‐year time frame.Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a systematic literature review methodology. This methodology allows for the minimization of researcher bias and the maximization of reliability and replicability. The study's empirical validity is further enhanced by demonstrating high levels of inter‐coder reliability across families of codes.Findings – The field of SSCM has evolved from a perspective and investigation of standalone research in social and environmental areas; through a corporate social responsibility perspective; to the beginnings of the convergence of perspectives of sustainability as the triple bottom line and the emergence of SSCM as a theoretical framework. While the SSCM research has become more theoretically rich and methodologically rigorous, there are numerous oppo...
1,311 citations
TL;DR: In this review, research progress in plant responses to abiotic stresses is summarized from the physiological level to the molecular level, providing additional focus areas for crop improvement research in the future.
Abstract: The natural environment for plants is composed of a complex set of abiotic stresses and biotic stresses. Plant responses to these stresses are equally complex. Systems biology approaches facilitate a multi-targeted approach by allowing one to identify regulatory hubs in complex networks. Systems biology takes the molecular parts (transcripts, proteins and metabolites) of an organism and attempts to fit them into functional networks or models designed to describe and predict the dynamic activities of that organism in different environments. In this review, research progress in plant responses to abiotic stresses is summarized from the physiological level to the molecular level. New insights obtained from the integration of omics datasets are highlighted. Gaps in our knowledge are identified, providing additional focus areas for crop improvement research in the future.
1,056 citations
Université libre de Bruxelles1, University of Miami2, University of Alberta3, Suffolk University4, Bond University5, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton6, Durham University7, Salt Lake Regional Medical Center8, University of Utah9, Oslo University Hospital10, State University of New York System11, University of California, Los Angeles12, University of Limerick13, Konyang University14, University of Nevada, Reno15, Washington State University16, University of the Pacific (United States)17
TL;DR: Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria (Review).
Abstract: 12 FatigueConsultationClinic,SaltLake RegionalMedicalCenter; 13 InternalMedicine,FamilyPractice,UniversityofUtah,SaltLakeCity,UT,USA; 14 ME ⁄CFSCenter,OsloUniversity HospitalHF,Norway; 15 DepartmentofPaediatrics,StateUniversityofNewYork,Buffalo,NY,USA; 16 Independent,Pavia,Italy; 17 Harbor-UCLA MedicalCenter,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA; 18 EVMedResearch,Lomita,CA,USA; 19 UniversityofLimerick,Limerick,Ireland; 20 Pain Clinic,KonyangUniversityHospital,Daejeon,Korea; 21 DonvaleSpecialistMedicalCentre,Donvale,Victoria,Australia; 22 Departmentsof Anesthesiology,NeurobiologyandAnatomy,UniversityofUtah,SaltLakeCity,UT,USA; 23 DepartmentofMedicinaNuclear,ClinicaLasCondes, Santiago,Chile; 24 WhittemorePetersonInstitute,UniversityofNevada,Reno,NV,USA; 25 MiwaNaikaClinic,Toyama,Japan; 26 A.Kirchenstein InstituteofMicrobiologyandVirology,RigaStradinsUniversity,Riga,Latvia; 27 DepartmentofBiochemistryBand 28 DepartmentofSportsSciences,UniversityofthePacific,Stockton,CAUSA
810 citations
TL;DR: A wave of new developments has occurred in the behavioral and cognitive therapies that focuses on processes such as acceptance, mindfulness, attention, or values that emphasize the context and function of psychological events more so than their validity, frequency, or form.
Abstract: A wave of new developments has occurred in the behavioral and cognitive therapies that focuses on processes such as acceptance, mindfulness, attention, or values. In this review, we describe some of these developments and the data regarding them, focusing on information about components, moderators, mediators, and processes of change. These "third wave" methods all emphasize the context and function of psychological events more so than their validity, frequency, or form, and for these reasons we use the term "contextual cognitive behavioral therapy" to describe their characteristics. Both putative processes, and component and process evidence, indicate that they are focused on establishing a more open, aware, and active approach to living, and that their positive effects occur because of changes in these processes.
599 citations
TL;DR: The clinical pregnancy rate per transfer was significantly greater in the cryopreservation group than in the fresh group, which strongly suggest impaired endometrial receptivity in fresh ET cycles after ovarian stimulation, when compared with FET cycles with artificialendometrial preparation.
555 citations
TL;DR: A new battery thermal management method using a reciprocating air flow for cylindrical Li-ion (LiMn 2 O 4 /C) cells was numerically analyzed using a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and a lumped-capacitance thermal model for battery cells and a flow network model.
522 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the mechanism of scale formation and the properties of alkaline, non-alkaline and silica based scales that are encountered when reverse osmosis is used in desalination, brackish water and wastewater recycling applications.
510 citations
TL;DR: A Primer on these light-activated ion channels and pumps is provided, a group of opsins bridging prior categories are described, and the convergence of molecular engineering and genomic discovery for the utilization and understanding of these remarkable molecular machines are explored.
476 citations
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge on the role of ROS-induced oxidative stress in altering the genetic and epigenetic involvement during human carcinogenesis is reviewed.
Abstract: Cancer is a multistage and complex process characterized by molecular alterations that underlie all three phases of its development: (i) initiation, (ii) promotion and (iii) progression. Some of these molecular events include alterations in gene expression that are regulated by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. On the other hand, "oxidative stress" implies a cellular state where ROS production exceeds the cell's ability to metabolize them resulting in excessive accumulation of ROS that overwhelms cellular defenses. Such state has been shown to regulate both genetic and epigenetic cascades underlying altered gene expression in human disease including cancer. Throughout this manuscript, we review the current state of knowledge on the role of ROS-induced oxidative stress in altering the genetic and epigenetic involvement during human carcinogenesis.
TL;DR: The state-of-the-art knowledge of the core-shell multifunctional nanoparticles (MNPs), especially with unique physiochemical properties, is presented and the synthesis methods were summarized from the aspects of both the advantages and the demerits.
Abstract: In this review paper, the state-of-the-art knowledge of the core–shell multifunctional nanoparticles (MNPs), especially with unique physiochemical properties, is presented. The synthesis methods were summarized from the aspects of both the advantages and the demerits. The core includes the inexpensive and easily oxidized metals and the noble shells include the relatively noble metals, carbon, silica, other oxides, and polymers. The properties including magnetic, optical, anti-corrosion and the surface chemistry of the NPs are thoroughly reviewed. The current status of the applications is reviewed with the detailed examples including the catalysis, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensing, electromagnetic interface shielding or microwave absorption, biomedical drug delivery, and the environmental remediation.
Vanderbilt University1, Shizuoka University2, Arizona State University3, University of Oxford4, University of Gothenburg5, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University6, Imperial College London7, McMaster University8, Institute of Science and Technology Austria9, University of Groningen10, Aarhus University11, University of Maryland, College Park12, University of Colorado Boulder13, University of California, Irvine14, University of Exeter15, University of Lausanne16, University of New Mexico17, University of Cambridge18, Australian National University19, University of Houston20, University of Edinburgh21, University of California, Santa Barbara22, Princeton University23, University of Chicago24, Montana State University25, Simon Fraser University26, Villanova University27, Queen's University28, Cornell University29, University of Louisville30, United States Department of Agriculture31, École Normale Supérieure32, University of Sussex33, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich34, University of Kentucky35, Flinders University36, Michigan State University37, Georgia Institute of Technology38, University of California, Davis39, Pennsylvania State University40, University of Toronto41, University of Sheffield42, University of Regensburg43, University of Helsinki44, University of Vermont45, VU University Amsterdam46, University of Osnabrück47, Harvard University48, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology49, University of Copenhagen50, Royal Holloway, University of London51, University of California, Santa Cruz52, University of Arizona53, University of Oklahoma54, University of Texas at Austin55, University of Strasbourg56, University of Bristol57, University of Liverpool58, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill59, Rice University60, University of Zurich61, University College London62, Newcastle University63, James Cook University64, University of Montpellier65, University of North Carolina at Greensboro66, University of California, Riverside67, ETH Zurich68, University of St Andrews69, William Paterson University70, University of Michigan71, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign72, University of Bern73, University of Western Ontario74, University of California, Berkeley75, University of the Ryukyus76, University of Florence77, University of Tennessee78, North Carolina State University79, Humboldt University of Berlin80, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven81, Smithsonian Institution82, University of Nevada, Reno83, San Francisco State University84
TL;DR: It is argued that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explained the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality, but these arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature.
Abstract: Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson 466, 1057-1062 (2010); Nowak et al. reply. Nowak et al. argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explaining the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality. However, we believe that their arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature. We will focus our comments on three general issues.
01 Dec 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the convergence of molecular engineering and genomic discovery for the utilization and understanding of light-activated ion channels and pumps has been explored, and a group of microbial opsins bridging prior categories is described.
Abstract: The capture and utilization of light is an exquisitely evolved process. The single-component microbial opsins, although more limited than multicomponent cascades in processing, display unparalleled compactness and speed. Recent advances in understanding microbial opsins have been driven by molecular engineering for optogenetics and by comparative genomics. Here we provide a Primer on these light-activated ion channels and pumps, describe a group of opsins bridging prior categories, and explore the convergence of molecular engineering and genomic discovery for the utilization and understanding of these remarkable molecular machines.
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model is developed to represent and predict the dropwise condensation phenomenon on nonwetting surfaces having hydrophobic or superhydrophobic (contact angle greater than 150 deg) features.
Abstract: A mathematical model is developed to represent and predict the dropwise condensation phenomenon on nonwetting surfaces having hydrophobic or superhydrophobic (contact angle greater than 150 deg) features. The model is established by synthesizing the heat transfer through a single droplet with the drop size distribution. The single droplet heat transfer is analyzed as a combination of the vapor-liquid interfacial resistance, the resistance due to the conduction through the drop itself, the resistance from the coating layer, and the resistance due to the curvature of the drop. A population balance model is adapted to develop a drop distribution function for the small drops that grow by direct condensation. Drop size distribution for large drops that grow mainly by coalescence is obtained from a well-known empirical equation. The evidence obtained suggests that both the single droplet heat transfer and drop distribution are significantly affected by the contact angle. More specifically, the model results indicate that a high drop-contact angle leads to enhancing condensation heat transfer. Intense hydrophobicity, which produces high contact angles, causes a reduction in the size of drops on the verge of falling due to gravity, thus allowing space for more small drops. The simulation results are compared with experimental data, which were previously reported.
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of underemployment research can be found in this paper, where the authors identify relevant theoretical perspectives and dimensions of undeployment, as well as reviewing the empirical research on the relationships between undereployment's antecedents and outcomes.
TL;DR: The nature and basis for human colour vision have been studied extensively, and ideas and principles that have been developed to account for norms and normalization in colour vision are drawn on to consider potential similarities and differences in the representation and adaptation of faces.
Abstract: The appearance of faces can be strongly affected by the characteristics of faces viewed previously. These perceptual after-effects reflect processes of sensory adaptation that are found throughout the visual system, but which have been considered only relatively recently in the context of higher level perceptual judgements. In this review, we explore the consequences of adaptation for human face perception, and the implications of adaptation for understanding the neural-coding schemes underlying the visual representation of faces. The properties of face after-effects suggest that they, in part, reflect response changes at high and possibly face-specific levels of visual processing. Yet, the form of the after-effects and the norm-based codes that they point to show many parallels with the adaptations and functional organization that are thought to underlie the encoding of perceptual attributes like colour. The nature and basis for human colour vision have been studied extensively, and we draw on ideas and principles that have been developed to account for norms and normalization in colour vision to consider potential similarities and differences in the representation and adaptation of faces.
TL;DR: The current state-of-the-art in research and practice in the accessibility of video games and points out relevant areas for future research are surveyed.
Abstract: Over the last three decades, video games have evolved from a pastime into a force of change that is transforming the way people perceive, learn about, and interact with the world around them. In addition to entertainment, games are increasingly used for other purposes such as education or health. Despite this increased interest, a significant number of people encounter barriers when playing games due to a disability. Accessibility problems may include the following: (1) not being able to receive feedback; (2) not being able to determine in-game responses; (3) not being able to provide input using conventional input devices. This paper surveys the current state-of-the-art in research and practice in the accessibility of video games and points out relevant areas for future research. A generalized game interaction model shows how a disability affects ones ability to play games. Estimates are provided on the total number of people in the United States whose ability to play games is affected by a disability. A large number of accessible games are surveyed for different types of impairments, across several game genres, from which a number of high- and low-level accessibility strategies are distilled for game developers to inform their design.
TL;DR: This work has revealed that the pattern of aftereffects is similar across many stimulus dimensions, pointing to common coding principles in which adaptation plays a central role.
Abstract: Visual coding is a highly dynamic process and continuously adapting to the current viewing context. The perceptual changes that result from adaptation to recently viewed stimuli remain a powerful and popular tool for analyzing sensory mechanisms and plasticity. Over the last decade, the footprints of this adaptation have been tracked to both higher and lower levels of the visual pathway and over a wider range of timescales, revealing that visual processing is much more adaptable than previously thought. This work has also revealed that the pattern of aftereffects is similar across many stimulus dimensions, pointing to common coding principles in which adaptation plays a central role. However, why visual coding adapts has yet to be fully answered.
TL;DR: In this paper, the utility of applying a focus on emotion dysregulation to the theoretical understanding of anorexia nervosa is explicated, and evidence is reviewed that supports application of a transactional model of emotion regulation to the understanding of AN, and a model that is consistent with the available data.
Abstract: [Clin Psychol Sci Prac 18: 183–202, 2011]
Successful treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) has been elusive, and the disorder remains poorly understood. Emotion dysregulation is a mechanism that recent evidence suggests may underlie many psychological disorders. However, research and treatment with the AN population have neither focused on the role of emotions in the development and maintenance of the disorder nor aimed therapeutic interventions toward improving emotion regulation abilities. In this article, the utility of applying a focus on emotion dysregulation to the theoretical understanding of AN is explicated. Evidence is reviewed that supports application of a transactional model of emotion regulation to the understanding of AN, and a model is described that is consistent with the available data. Important treatment implications and future research directions are discussed.
TL;DR: This novel dipstick test has the potential to markedly improve early diagnosis of CM in many settings, enabling testing of urine in patients presenting to health care facilities in which lumbar puncture, or even blood sampling, is not feasible.
Abstract: Background. Many deaths from cryptococcal meningitis (CM) may be preventable through early diagnosis and treatment. An inexpensive point-of-care (POC) assay for use with urine or a drop of blood would facilitate early diagnosis of cryptococcal infection in resource-limited settings. We compared cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) concentrations in plasma, serum, and urine from patients with CM, using an antigen-capture assay for glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) and a novel POC dipstick test.
Methods. GXM concentrations were determined in paired serum, plasma, and urine from 62 patients with active or recent CM, using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A dipstick lateral-flow assay developed using the same monoclonal antibodies for the sandwich ELISA was tested in parallel. Correlation coefficients were calculated using Spearman rank test.
Results. All patients had detectable GXM in serum, plasma, and urine using the quantitative ELISA. Comparison of paired serum and plasma showed identical results. There were strong correlations between GXM levels in serum/urine (rs = 0.86; P < .001) and plasma/urine (rs = 0.85; P < .001). Levels of GXM were 22-fold lower in urine than in serum/plasma. The dipstick test was positive in serum, plasma, and urine in 61 of 62 patients. Dipstick titers correlated strongly with ELISA. Correlations between the methods were 0.93 (P < .001) for serum, 0.94 (P < .001) for plasma, and 0.94 (P < .001) for urine.
Conclusions. This novel dipstick test has the potential to markedly improve early diagnosis of CM in many settings, enabling testing of urine in patients presenting to health care facilities in which lumbar puncture, or even blood sampling, is not feasible.
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of wavelength-dependent absorption Angstrom coefficients (AACs) is discussed and clarified for both single and two-wavelengths AACs and guidance for their implementation with noisy absorption spectra is provided.
Abstract: . The concept of wavelength-dependent absorption Angstrom coefficients (AACs) is discussed and clarified for both single and two-wavelengths AACs and guidance for their implementation with noisy absorption spectra is provided. This discussion is followed by application of the concept to models for brown carbon bulk absorption spectra including the damped simple harmonic oscillator model, its Lorentzian approximation, and the band-gap model with and without Urbach tail. We show that the band-gap model with Urbach tail always has an unphysical discontinuity in the first derivative of the AAC at the band-gap – Urbach-tail matching wavelength. Complex refractive indices obtained from the bulk damped simple harmonic oscillator model are used to calculate absorption spectra for spherical particles, followed by a discussion of their features. For bulk material and small particles, this model predicts a monotonic decrease of the AAC with wavelength well above the resonance wavelength; the model predicts a monotonic increase for large particles.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors integrate microanalyses of ore minerals, experimental data that describe metal partitioning, and published age and isotopic data to suggest that the Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada are sourced from magma.
Abstract: The Eocene epoch in the Great Basin of western North America was a period of profuse magmatism and hydrothermal activity During that period, the Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada were produced, Earth’s second largest concentration of gold after deposits in South Africa The characteristics of the Carlin-type deposits have been documented, but a widely acceptable explanation for their genesis is outstanding Here we integrate microanalyses of ore minerals, experimental data that describe metal partitioning, and published age and isotopic data, to suggest that the gold is sourced from magma We relate gold deposition to a change from shallow subduction to renewed magmatism and the onset of extension We propose that upwelling asthenosphere impinged on a strongly modified subcontinental lithospheric mantle, generating magmas that released gold-bearing fluids at depths of 10 to 12 km The rising aqueous fluids with elevated hydrogen sulphide concentrations and a high ratio of gold to copper underwent phase changes and mixed with meteoric water Within a few kilometres of the surface, the fluids dissolved and sulphidized carbonate wall rocks, leading to deposition of gold-bearing pyrite We conclude that the large number and size of Carlin-type deposits in Nevada is the result of an unusual convergence of a specific geologic setting, together with a tectonic trigger that led to extremely efficient transport and deposition of gold
TL;DR: The current knowledge on DNA damage induced by endogenously produced reactive aldehydes in relation to the pathophysiology of human diseases is discussed.
Abstract: DNA damage plays a major role in various pathophysiological conditions including carcinogenesis, aging, inflammation, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress and cell processes such as lipid peroxidation and glycation induce the formation of highly reactive endogenous aldehydes that react directly with DNA, form aldehyde-derived DNA adducts and lead to DNA damage. In occasion of persistent conditions that influence the formation and accumulation of aldehyde-derived DNA adducts the resulting unrepaired DNA damage causes deregulation of cell homeostasis and thus significantly contributes to disease phenotype. Some of the most highly reactive aldehydes produced endogenously are 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, malondialdehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde and methylglyoxal. The mutagenic and carcinogenic effects associated with the elevated levels of these reactive aldehydes, especially, under conditions of stress, are attributed to their capability of causing directly modification of DNA bases or yielding promutagenic exocyclic adducts. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on DNA damage induced by endogenously produced reactive aldehydes in relation to the pathophysiology of human diseases.
TL;DR: The physics behind the most frequently used DTS instruments are considered as they apply to four calibration methods for single-ended DTS installations, and new methods presented are more accurate than the instrument-calibrated data.
Abstract: Hydrologic research is a very demanding application of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) in terms of precision, accuracy and calibration. The physics behind the most frequently used DTS instruments are considered as they apply to four calibration methods for single-ended DTS installations. The new methods presented are more accurate than the instrument-calibrated data, achieving accuracies on the order of tenths of a degree root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias. Effects of localized non-uniformities that violate the assumptions of single-ended calibration data are explored and quantified. Experimental design considerations such as selection of integration times or selection of the length of the reference sections are discussed, and the impacts of these considerations on calibrated temperatures are explored in two case studies.
TL;DR: The EMC results were correlated with a recent model that takes into account additional non-adsorption interactions of water, such as mixing and swelling, and indicates that pretreated biomass, both dry and wet torrefied, is more hydrophobic than raw biomass.
Desert Research Institute1, University of Nevada, Reno2, Oak Ridge National Laboratory3, University of Oklahoma4, University of Florida5, University of California, Berkeley6, University of Maine7, University of Washington8, University of Colorado Boulder9, University of New Hampshire10, University of Missouri11
TL;DR: Results from a systematic investigation of mercury (Hg) concentrations across 14 forest sites in the United States show highest concentrations in litter layers, strongly enriched in Hg compared to aboveground tissues and indicative of substantial postdepositional sorption of Hg.
Abstract: Results from a systematic investigation of mer- cury (Hg) concentrations across 14 forest sites in the United States show highest concentrations in litter layers, strongly enriched in Hg compared to aboveground tissues and indicative of substantial postdepositional sorption of Hg Soil Hg con- centrations were lower than in litter, with highest concentra- tions in surface soils Aboveground tissues showed no detectable spatial patterns, likely due to 17 different tree species present across sites Litter and soil Hg concentrations positively correlated with carbon (C), latitude, precipitation, and clay (in soil), which together explained up to 94% of concentration variability We observed strong latitudinal increases in Hg in soils and litter, in contrast to inverse latitudinal gradients of atmospheric deposition measures Soil and litter Hg concentrations were closely linked to C contents, consistent with well-known associations between organic matter and Hg, and we propose that C also shapes distribution of Hg in forests at continental scales TheconsistentlinkbetweenCandHgdistributionmayreflectalong-termlegacywherebyold,C-richsoilandlitterlayerssequester atmospheric Hg depositions over long time periods Based on a multiregression model, we present a distribution map of Hg concentrations in surface soils of the United States
TL;DR: Comparison of the two species in the fully hydrated state revealed intrinsic differences between the two metabolomes, suggesting that S. stapfianus had higher concentrations of osmolytes, lower concentrations of metabolites associated with energy metabolism, andHigher concentrations of nitrogen metabolites, suggesting it is primed metabolically for dehydration stress.
Abstract: Understanding how plants tolerate dehydration is a prerequisite for developing novel strategies for improving drought tolerance. The desiccation-tolerant (DT) Sporobolus stapfianus and the desiccation-sensitive (DS) Sporobolus pyramidalis formed a sister group contrast to reveal adaptive metabolic responses to dehydration using untargeted global metabolomic analysis. Young leaves from both grasses at full hydration or at 60% relative water content (RWC) and from S. stapfianus at lower RWCs were analyzed using liquid and gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry. Comparison of the two species in the fully hydrated state revealed intrinsic differences between the two metabolomes. S. stapfianus had higher concentrations of osmolytes, lower concentrations of metabolites associated with energy metabolism, and higher concentrations of nitrogen metabolites, suggesting that it is primed metabolically for dehydration stress. Further reduction of the leaf RWC to 60% instigated a metabolic shift in S. stapfianus toward the production of protective compounds, whereas S. pyramidalis responded differently. The metabolomes of S. stapfianus leaves below 40% RWC were strongly directed toward antioxidant production, nitrogen remobilization, ammonia detoxification, and soluble sugar production. Collectively, the metabolic profiles obtained uncovered a cascade of biochemical regulation strategies critical to the survival of S. stapfianus under desiccation.
TL;DR: HCPCs are functional and have potential in congenital cardiac repair and hCDCs can be reproducibly isolated and expanded from young human myocardial samples regardless of age or diagnosis.
Abstract: Background—Human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) may promote myocardial regeneration in adult ischemic myocardium. The regenerative capacity of hCPCs in young patients with nonischemic congenital heart defects for potential use in congenital heart defect repair warrants exploration. Methods and Results—Human right atrial specimens were obtained during routine congenital cardiac surgery across 3 groups: neonates (age, 2 to ≤13 years). C-kit+ hCPCs were 3-fold higher in neonates than in children >2 years of age. hCPC proliferation was greatest during the neonatal period as evidenced by c-kit+ Ki67+ expression but decreased with age. hCPC differentiation capacity was also greatest in neonatal right atrium as evidenced by c-kit+, NKX2–5+, NOTCH1+, and NUMB+ expression. Despite the age-dependent decline in resident hCPCs, we isolated and expanded right atrium–derived CPCs from all patients (n=103) across all ages and diagnoses using the cardios...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used quantitative survey data to test a model of what causes alienation on campus among student veterans and present quotations from student veterans describing the types of situations they find alienating.
Abstract: U.S. universities are witnessing an influx of student veterans who have been under chronic stress, have suffered injuries, and currently exhibit symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This study utilized quantitative survey data to test a model of what causes alienation on campus among student veterans. We then present quotations from student veterans describing the types of situations they find alienating. The results have direct implications for how student affairs professionals may help veterans succeed in college.