Washington State University

About: Washington State University is a education organization based out in Pullman, Washington, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 26947 authors who have published 57736 publications receiving 2341509 citations. The organization is also known as: WSU & Wazzu.

Optimized auxiliary basis sets for explicitly correlated methods

Abstract: Auxiliary basis sets for use in explicitly correlated MP2-F12 and CCSD-F12 methods, in which three- and four-electron integrals are approximated as products of two-electron integrals through the resolution of the identity (RI), have been optimized for the elements H, B–Ne, and Al–Ar. Fully matched to the recently constructed cc-pVnZ-F12 orbital basis sets, these new auxiliary basis sets result in very small RI errors, as exemplified by the calculated atomization energies of 42 molecules at the MP2-F12 level. Their utility in calculating smooth potential energy surfaces is also demonstrated in calculations of the spectroscopic properties of several diatomic molecules.

Plant paralog to viral movement protein that potentiates transport of mRNA into the phloem

Abstract: CmPP16 from Cucurbita maxima was cloned and the protein was shown to possess properties similar to those of viral movement proteins. CmPP16 messenger RNA (mRNA) is present in phloem tissue, whereas protein appears confined to sieve elements (SE). Microinjection and grafting studies revealed that CmPP16 moves from cell to cell, mediates the transport of sense and antisense RNA, and moves together with its mRNA into the SE of scion tissue. CmPP16 possesses the characteristics that are likely required to mediate RNA delivery into the long-distance translocation stream. Thus, RNA may move within the phloem as a component of a plant information superhighway.

Simple equation to approximate the bidirectional reflectance from vegetative canopies and bare soil surfaces

Abstract: A simple equation has been developed for describing the bidirectional reflectance of some vegetative canopies and bare soil surfaces. The equation describes directional reflectance as a function of zenith and azimuth view angles and solar azimuth angle. The equation works for simulated and field measured red and IR reflectance under clear sky conditions. Hemispherical reflectance can be calculated as a function of the simple equation coefficients by integrating the equation over the hemisphere of view angles. A single equation for estimating soil bidirectional reflectance was obtained using the relationships between solar zenith angles and the simple equation coefficients for medium and rough soil distributions. The equation has many useful applications such as providing a lower level boundary condition in complex plant canopy models and providing an additional tool for studying bidirectional effects on pointable sensors.

Internal Invalidity in Pretest-Posttest Self-Report Evaluations and a Re-evaluation of Retrospective Pretests:

Abstract: True experimental designs (Designs 4, 5, and 6 of Campbell & Stanley, 1963) are thought to provide internally valid results. This paper describes five studies involving the evaluation of various tr...

Colloid transport of plutonium in the far-field of the Mayak Production Association, Russia.

Abstract: Sorption of actinides, particularly plutonium, onto submicrometer-sized colloids increases their mobility, but these plutonium colloids are difficult to detect in the far-field. We identified actinides on colloids in the groundwater from the Mayak Production Association, Urals, Russia; at the source, the plutonium activity is ∼1000 becquerels per liter. Plutonium activities are still 0.16 becquerels per liter at a distance of 3 kilometers, where 70 to 90 mole percent of the plutonium is sorbed onto colloids, confirming that colloids are responsible for the long-distance transport of plutonium. Nano–secondary ion mass spectrometry elemental maps reveal that amorphous iron oxide colloids adsorb Pu(IV) hydroxides or carbonates along with uranium carbonates.