Showing papers in "Cell Metabolism in 2021"

TL;DR: In this paper, a new mechanism of CD36 regulating the function of CD8+ effector T-cells and therapeutic potential of targeting CD36 or inhibiting ferroptosis to restore T-cell function was revealed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the SARS-CoV-2 infection attenuates pancreatic insulin levels and secretion and induces β cell apoptosis, each rescued by NRP1 inhibition.

TL;DR: In this article, butyrate treatment directly boosted the antitumor cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses both in vitro and in vivo by promoting the IL-12 signaling pathway.

TL;DR: In conclusion, inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase could enhance tumor response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in MPS2 TNBCs and enabled the development of personalized therapies targeting unique tumor metabolic profiles.

TL;DR: The increased prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors in people hospitalized with severe COVID-19 illness has engendered considerable interest in the metabolic aspects of SARS-CoV-2-induced pathophysiology as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Exosomes are nanoparticles secreted by all cell types and are a large component of the broader class of nanoparticles termed extracellular vesicles (EVs).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate that tumor-derived exosomes polarize macrophages toward an immunosuppressive phenotype characterized by increased PD-L1 expression through NF-kB-dependent, glycolytic-dominant metabolic reprogramming.

TL;DR: In this article, the benefits of low-protein diets are recapitulated by specifically reducing dietary levels of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine.

TL;DR: Recognition of the HSC's metabolic drivers and vulnerabilities offer the potential to target these pathways therapeutically to enhance parenchymal growth and modulate repair.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined whether excess uptake of specific fatty acid (FA) could lead to antitumor effects and found that n-3 but also remarkably n-6 polyunsaturated FA selectively induced ferroptosis in cancer cells under ambient acidosis.

TL;DR: It is confirmed in a clinical cohort, that lower serum concentrations of HCA species were associated with diabetes and closely related to glycemic markers.

TL;DR: It is found that macrophages acquire mitochondria from neighboring adipocytes in vivo and that this process defines a transcriptionally distinct macrophage subpopulation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that adipocytes respond to mitochondrial stress by rapidly and robustly releasing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which contain respiration-competent, but oxidatively damaged mitochondrial particles, which enter circulation and are taken up by cardiomyocytes, where they trigger a burst of ROS.

TL;DR: This paper found that the immature phenotype of microglia from germ-free (GF) mice is epigenetically imprinted by H3K4me3 and H3k9ac on metabolic genes associated with substantial functional alterations including increased mitochondrial mass and specific respiratory chain dysfunctions.

TL;DR: In this paper, a single-nucleus RNA-seq was applied to map the plasticity of mouse epididymal white adipose tissue at single nucleus resolution in response to highfat-diet-induced obesity.

TL;DR: Investigation of patients with COVID-19 and T2D from a cohort of 3,305 cases from Wuhan, China found that insulin treatment was associated with a significant increase in mortality, and insulin treatmentwas associated with enhanced systemic inflammation and aggravated injuries of vital organs.

TL;DR: It is found that alteration of the pyruvate-lactate axis is a fundamental and early feature of cardiac hypertrophy and failure.

TL;DR: In this paper, a non-canonical activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) was found to be enriched in non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines.

TL;DR: It is suggested that asparagine synthesis is a fundamental purpose of tumor mitochondrial respiration, which can be harnessed for therapeutic benefit to cancer patients.

TL;DR: This paper showed that miR-690 is highly expressed in M2 BMDM exosomes and functions as an insulin sensitizer both in vivo and in vitro, which could be a new therapeutic insulin-sensitizing agent for metabolic disease.

TL;DR: In this article, a screen of glucoregulatory hormones revealed lower levels of adiponectin in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19 status.

TL;DR: NAMPT, the rate-limiting enzyme of the NAD+ biogenesis, drives interferon γ-induced PD-L1 expression in multiple types of tumors and governs tumor immune evasion in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner, and NAD+ replenishment combined with PD-(L)1 antibody provides a promising therapeutic strategy for immunotherapy-resistant tumors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that acute central and peripheral administration of acyl-GIP increases cFos neuronal activity in hypothalamic feeding centers, and this coincides with decreased body weight and food intake and improved glucose handling.

TL;DR: In this article, the m6A demethylase FTO was identified as an essential epitranscriptomic regulator utilized by tumors to escape immune surveillance through regulation of glycolytic metabolism.

TL;DR: In this article, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen in pancreatic beta cells in autopsy samples from individuals with COVID-19 was described, which indicated that multiple types of pancreatic islet cells were susceptible to SARS CoV2, eliciting a cellular stress response and the induction of chemokines.

TL;DR: The brain has almost no energy reserve, but its activity coordinates organismal function, a burden that requires precise coupling between neurotransmission and energy metabolism, thus requiring innovative therapies to preserve brain energetics.

TL;DR: The authors showed that FXR activation in mice or humans specifically reduces hepatic levels of mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA) and selective decreases in fatty acid synthesis.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed RNA sequencing and genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of ovarian tissue from control and third-generation PCOS-like mice and found that DNA hypomethylation regulates key genes associated with PCOS.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the discoveries that have led to the current understanding of how insulin promotes glucose uptake in muscle, and touch upon insulin access to muscle and insulin signaling toward glycogen, lipid, and protein metabolism.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that AgRP neuron activity in hungry mice is inhibited by site-specific intestinal detection of different macronutrients, such as fat and glucose.