Showing papers in "Cell Stem Cell in 2014"

TL;DR: It is proposed that the genetic and CSC models of cancer can be harmonized by considering the role of genetic diversity and nongenetic influences in contributing to tumor heterogeneity.

TL;DR: F Fate-mapping showed that LepR(+) cells arose postnatally and gave rise to most bone and adipocytes formed in adult bone marrow, including bone regenerated after irradiation or fracture.

TL;DR: Mapping the m( 6)A methylome in mouse and human embryonic stem cells reveals the evolutionary conservation and function of m(6)A, a mark of transcriptome flexibility required for stem cells to differentiate to specific lineages.

TL;DR: The multiple stem/progenitor populations in different regions of the adult lung, the plasticity of their behavior in injury models, and molecular pathways that support homeostasis and repair are highlighted.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify small molecules that support self-renewal of naive human ESCs based on maintenance of endogenous OCT4 distal enhancer activity, a molecular signature of ground state pluripotency.

TL;DR: By reevaluating the developmental origins of metanephric progenitors, this work has provided key insights into kidney specification in vivo and taken important steps toward kidney organogenesis in vitro.

TL;DR: It is shown that reactive glial cells in the cortex of stab-injured or Alzheimer's disease model mice can be directly reprogrammed into functional neurons in vivo using retroviral expression of a single neural transcription factor, NeuroD1.

TL;DR: It is shown that all colorectal cancer stem cells (CR-CSCs) express CD44v6, which is required for their migration and generation of metastatic tumors, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition selectively killed CD 44v6 CR-C SCs and reduced metastatic growth.

TL;DR: By dissecting the biology of this process, vulnerabilities are being exposed that could be exploited to prevent metastasis.

TL;DR: A comprehensive integrated genomic analysis of young and aged HSCs showed increased DNA methylation at transcription factor binding sites associated with differentiation-promoting genes combined with a reduction at genes associated with HSC maintenance, paralleling phenotypic HSC aging behavior.

TL;DR: It is suggested that, although some cell types may be at risk for off-target mutations, the incidence of such effects in human pluripotent stem cells may be sufficiently low and thus not a significant concern for disease modeling and other applications.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 can efficiently ablate genes in HSPCs with minimal off-target mutagenesis, which could have broad applicability for hematopoietic cell-based therapy.

TL;DR: Upon transplantation into mice with concanavalin-A-induced acute liver failure and fatal metabolic liver disease due to fumarylacetoacetate dehydrolase (Fah) deficiency, hiHeps restore the liver function and prolong survival.

TL;DR: Evidence supporting and refuting whether self-renewable and bipotential liver stem cells exist in development, homeostasis, regeneration, and disease is discussed.

TL;DR: It is argued that Lgr5(-) reserve stem cells are radiosensitive and that L gr5(+) cells are crucial for robust intestinal regeneration following radiation exposure but are dispensable for premalignant hyperproliferation.

TL;DR: Evidence showing that lncRNAs exert critical functions in adult tissue stem cells, including skin, brain, and muscle, as well as in developmental patterning and pluripotency is reviewed.

TL;DR: The iCRISPR platform is uniquely suited for dissection of complex genetic interactions and pleiotropic gene functions in human disease studies and has the potential to support high-throughput genetic analysis in hPSCs.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that transition between these two pluripotent states is associated with widespread Oct4 relocalization, mirrored by global rearrangement of enhancer chromatin landscapes, and suggested that the capacity of transcription factors such as Otx2 and Oct4 to pioneer new enhancer sites is highly context dependent.

TL;DR: An unexpectedly dynamic pattern of transcript isoform regulation is found, suggesting a critical regulatory role during HSC differentiation, and a cell cycle/DNA repair signature associated with multipotency in MPP2 cells is found.

TL;DR: It is concluded that human and mouse hepatocytes can undergo reversible ductal metaplasia in response to injury, expand as ducts, and subsequently contribute to restoration of the hepatocyte mass.

TL;DR: It is suggested that in the glioma perivascular niche, osteopontin promotes stem cell-like properties and radiation resistance in adjacent tumor cells via activation of CD44 signaling.

TL;DR: The diversity in MSC-based clinical trial product proposals is discussed and potential challenges for clinical translation are highlighted.

TL;DR: Reprogramming and stem cell differentiation approaches with genome engineering and RNA sequencing are combined to define the transcriptional and functional changes that are induced in human motor neurons by mutant SOD1, indicating that at least a subset of these changes are more broadly conserved in ALS.

TL;DR: A porcine model of acute myocardial infarction is utilized to investigate the functional impact of intramyocardial transplantation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, in combination with a 3D fibrin patch loaded with insulin growth factor (IGF)-encapsulated microspheres.

TL;DR: The relationship between genome organization and lineage-specific transcriptional regulation is discussed in this paper, where the authors argue that the two are inextricably linked and that the relationship can be seen as a direct consequence of 3D genome organization.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that HSCs are not comprehensively geno-protected during aging, and HSC quiescence and concomitant attenuation of DNA repair and response pathways underlies DNA damage accumulation in H SCs during aging.

TL;DR: It is reported that, contrary to prevailing stem-cell-based models of regeneration, virtually all new hepatocytes come from preexisting hepatocytes.

TL;DR: It is shown that hESC-derived dopamine neurons can project sufficiently long distances for use in humans, fully regenerate midbrain-to-forebrain projections, and innervate correct target structures, providing strong preclinical support for clinical translation of hESCs using approaches similar to those established with fetal cells for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

TL;DR: It is shown that prolonged fasting reduces circulating IGF-1 levels and PKA activity in various cell populations, leading to signal transduction changes in long-term hematopoietic stem cells and niche cells that promote stress resistance, self-renewal, and lineage-balanced regeneration.

TL;DR: The most commonly used system consists of a single polypeptide endonuclease Cas9 complexed with a single guide RNA (gRNA) that provides complementarity to 20-nucleotide target DNA sequence as mentioned in this paper.