California State University, Long Beach

About: California State University, Long Beach is a education organization based out in Long Beach, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 10036 authors who have published 13933 publications receiving 377394 citations. The organization is also known as: Cal State Long Beach & Long Beach State.

Oxidative stress and regulation of anti-oxidant enzymes in cytochrome P4502E1 transgenic mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver

Abstract: Background and Aim: Reactive oxygen species produced by cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) are believed to play a role in pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, little is known about the expression, protein content and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes and the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a source of reactive nitrogen species, in NAFLD. In the present study, we evaluate gene expression, protein content and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, and iNOS, in a CYP2E1 overexpressing model of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Methods: Non-transgenic (nTg) and CYP2E1 transgenic (Tg) mice were fed rodent chow for 8 months. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver triglycerides, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls were measured. Gene expression of NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase-1, -2 (SOD-1,2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and iNOS were determined. Protein content, activity and nitrosylation of the enzymes were also measured. Results: Tg mice had greater CYP2E1 activity and histological liver injury. MDA and protein carbonyls were increased, indicating insufficient anti-oxidant response. Gene expression of Nrf2, CAT, GPx, HO-1 and iNOS were significantly increased. Protein content and enzyme activities of most anti-oxidant enzymes were not correspondingly increased. iNOS activity and nitrosylation of CAT and SOD was greater in Tg mice liver. Conclusion: Hepatocyte-specific CYP2E1 overexpression results in increased oxidative stress and nitrosative stress. Several anti-oxidant enzymes are upregulated. Failure of corresponding increase in total protein and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes suggests modification/degradation, possibly by nitrosylation, due to increased iNOS activity in a CYP2E1 overexpressing NAFL mouse model.

Low-dose levalbuterol in children with asthma: safety and efficacy in comparison with placebo and racemic albuterol.

Abstract: Background Racemic albuterol (RAC) is an equal mixture of (R)-albuterol and (S)-albuterol. Only the (R)-isomer, levalbuterol (LEV), is therapeutically active. Lower doses of LEV, devoid of (S)-albuterol, have demonstrated efficacy comparable to that of higher doses of the (R)-isomer administered as a component of RAC. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether LEV results in improved safety and efficacy in children. Methods Asthmatic children aged 4 to 11 years (n = 338; FEV(1), 40% to 85% of predicted) participated in this multicenter, randomized, double-blinded study and received 21 days of 3-times-a-day treatment with nebulized LEV (0.31 or 0.63 mg), RAC (1.25 or 2.5 mg), or placebo. The primary endpoint was FEV(1) (peak percent change). Adverse events, clinical laboratory test results, vital signs, and electrocardiograms were evaluated for safety. Results All active treatments significantly improved the primary endpoint in comparison with placebo (P .05). All active treatments decreased serum potassium (range, -0.3 to -0.6; P Conclusion LEV was clinically comparable to 4- to 8-fold higher doses of RAC, and it demonstrated a more favorable safety profile. LEV 0.31 mg should be used as the starting dose in 4-11 year old children with mild to moderate persistent asthma. Patients with severe disease might benefit from higher doses.

Reader and text variables as determinants of discourse memory in adulthood.

Abstract: Young students, old students, and old nonstudents read and recalled short texts that were in either narrative or expository form. In addition, a set of six verbal ability measures thought to be related to discourse memory was obtained for all of the participants. Older subjects recalled less from the texts than younger subjects, and neither type of text nor student status modified the magnitude of the age differences. The set of verbal ability measures was adequately described by two principal components, one consisting of simple, speed-related skills, and the other consisting of more complex skills. Each set of variables predicted a proportion of discourse memory variance, and accounted for some of the variance that would otherwise be attributed to age. The results suggest that age differences in some basic cognitive skills related to reading effectiveness might underlie age differences in memory for discourse.

Feeling the Threat: Stereotype Threat as a Contextual Barrier to Women's Science Career Choice Intentions.

Abstract: Social cognitive career theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994, 2000) holds that contextual barriers inhibit self-efficacy and goal choice intentions from points both near and far from the acti...

Spirituality and Well-Being: The Relationship Between Religious Coping and Recovery From Sexual Assault

Abstract: Despite a growing body of literature documenting beneficial outcomes of religious coping, there are virtually no studies examining sexual assault survivors' use of religious coping To fill this gap in the literature, the current study examines predictors and outcomes of positive and negative religious coping among 100 sexual assault survivors who believed in God Results suggested that African American survivors were more likely to use both forms of religious coping than survivors from other ethnicities Yet, results also suggest that positive religious coping is related to higher levels of psychological well-being and lower levels of depression, whereas negative religious coping is related to higher levels of depression, regardless of ethnicity The only outcome where ethnicity makes a difference is posttraumatic growth with a stronger relationship between positive religious coping and posttraumatic growth among Caucasian survivors space The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed