California State University, Long Beach

About: California State University, Long Beach is a education organization based out in Long Beach, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 10036 authors who have published 13933 publications receiving 377394 citations. The organization is also known as: Cal State Long Beach & Long Beach State.

Food Marketing and Obesity in Developing Countries: Analysis, Ethics, and Public Policy

Abstract: Obesity and the chronic diseases with which it is associated constitute a serious global health problem that will rapidly worsen given current trends. This article introduces a model of how development processes, biological factors, and food marketing practices are influencing the human energy equation in the less affluent world. The discussion then turns to an ethical analysis of food marketing and obesity and to a formulation of broad ethical guidelines derived from marketing theory. Finally, alternative public policy and social marketing strategies are considered.

Structural evolution of the Arunachal Himalaya and implications for asymmetric development of the Himalayan orogen

Abstract: Geologic mapping and stratigraphic correlation of low-grade Precambrian Lesser Himalayan units using U-Pb detrital zircon dating reveal the existence of a Main Central Thrust (MCT) window and a prominent ductile thrust zone within the Greater Himalayan Crystallines in the Arunachal Himalaya of NE India. The newly discovered MCT window is cut and offset by several active north-trending normal faults extending from southeast Tibet, indicating the fault is no longer active. Ion-microprobe dating of monazite inclusions in garnets from the MCT zone indicates that the fault was active at 10.1 ± 1.4 Ma. Our structural data together with a synthesis of existing geologic maps suggest that the eastern Himalaya is composed of a large thrust duplex with the folded MCT as the roof fault. The total amount of crustal shortening accommodated by the duplex and the MCT south of the South Tibetan Detachment may exceed 500 km, which is probably greater than the amount of crustal shortening across the central Himalaya in Nepal and definitely greater than the amount of shortening across the western Himalaya in Pakistan. The observed systematic variation of crustal shortening suggests that Himalayan crustal thickening and uplift are uneven along strike, which may be in response to the westward decrease in convergence rate between India and Asia during the Cenozoic.

The Measurement of Masculinity and Femininity: Historical Perspective and Implications for Counseling

Abstract: Masculinity and femininity are both psychological and sociocultural constructs that test developers have attempted to assess for many years. The author examines the history of the measurement of masculinity and femininity from the 1920s through 2000, addresses relevant theory, and considers criticisms of masculinity and femininity measurement as well as the challenges of responding to them. Implications of the use of such measures by counselors, researchers, and counselor educators are discussed.

Early inflorescence development in the grasses (Poaceae).

Abstract: The shoot apical meristem of grasses produces the primary branches of the inflorescence, controlling inflorescence architecture and hence seed production. Whereas leaves are produced in a distichous pattern, with the primordia separated from each other by an angle of 180°, inflorescence branches are produced in a spiral in most species. The morphology and developmental genetics of the shift in phyllotaxis have been studied extensively in maize and rice. However, in wheat, Brachypodium, and oats, all in the grass subfamily Pooideae, the change in phyllotaxis does not occur; primary inflorescence branches are produced distichously. It is unknown whether the distichous inflorescence originated at the base of Pooideae, or whether it appeared several times independently. In this study, we show that Brachyelytrum, the genus sister to all other Pooideae has spiral phyllotaxis in the inflorescence, but that in the remaining 3000+ species of Pooideae, the phyllotaxis is two-ranked. These two-ranked inflorescences are not perfectly symmetrical, and have a clear “front” and “back;” this developmental axis has never been described in the literature and it is unclear what establishes its polarity. Strictly distichous inflorescences appear somewhat later in the evolution of the subfamily. Two-ranked inflorescences also appear in a few grass outgroups and sporadically elsewhere in the family, but unlike in Pooideae do not generally correlate with a major radiation of species. After production of branches, the inflorescence meristem may be converted to a spikelet meristem or may simply abort; this developmental decision appears to be independent of the branching pattern.