Institution
Kyoto University
Education•Kyoto, Japan•
About: Kyoto University is a education organization based out in Kyoto, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Population. The organization has 85837 authors who have published 217215 publications receiving 6526826 citations. The organization is also known as: Kyōto University & Kyōto daigaku.
Topics: Catalysis, Population, Gene, Transplantation, Ion
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The current understanding of solar flares, mainly focused on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes responsible for producing a flare, can be found in this article, where the authors present a review of the models proposed to explain the physical mechanism of flares, giving an comprehensive explanation of the key processes.
Abstract: This paper outlines the current understanding of solar flares, mainly focused on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes responsible for producing a flare. Observations show that flares are one of the most explosive phenomena in the atmosphere of the Sun, releasing a huge amount of energy up to about 1032 erg on the timescale of hours. Flares involve the heating of plasma, mass ejection, and particle acceleration that generates high-energy particles. The key physical processes for producing a flare are: the emergence of magnetic field from the solar interior to the solar atmosphere (flux emergence), local enhancement of electric current in the corona (formation of a current sheet), and rapid dissipation of electric current (magnetic reconnection) that causes shock heating, mass ejection, and particle acceleration. The evolution toward the onset of a flare is rather quasi-static when free energy is accumulated in the form of coronal electric current (field-aligned current, more precisely), while the dissipation of coronal current proceeds rapidly, producing various dynamic events that affect lower atmospheres such as the chromosphere and photosphere. Flares manifest such rapid dissipation of coronal current, and their theoretical modeling has been developed in accordance with observations, in which numerical simulations proved to be a strong tool reproducing the time-dependent, nonlinear evolution of a flare. We review the models proposed to explain the physical mechanism of flares, giving an comprehensive explanation of the key processes mentioned above. We start with basic properties of flares, then go into the details of energy build-up, release and transport in flares where magnetic reconnection works as the central engine to produce a flare.
677 citations
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677 citations
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TL;DR: A model was proposed, in which the lipids translocate across the membrane by lateral diffusion along the wall of the pores composed of the peptides and the lipid, suggesting pore-mediated flip-flop.
Abstract: The effect of an antimicrobial peptide, magainin 2, on the flip-flop rates of phospholipids was investigated by use of fluorescent lipids, i.e., anionic N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)dipalmitoyl-l-α-phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-PE), 1-oleoyl-2-[12-((7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)dodecanoyl]-l-α-phosphatidic acid (C12-NBD-PA), 1-oleoyl-2-[12-((7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)dodecanoyl]-l-α-phosphatidyl-l-serine (C12-NBD-PS), and zwitterionic 1-palmitoyl-2-[6-((7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)caproyl]-l-α-phosphatidylcholine (C6-NBD-PC). Their intrinsic flip-flop half-lives at 30 °C in the absence of the peptide were 1.1 h, ca. 7 h, ca. 8 days, and >2 days, respectively. The peptide accelerated the flip-flop half-lives of the fluorescent lipids to an order of minutes. Furthermore, the flip-flop was coupled with the membrane permeabilization and the peptide translocation [Matsuzaki, K., Murase, O., Fujii, N., & Miyajima, K. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 6521−6526], suggesting por...
676 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the HWM90 thermospheric wind model has been revised in the lower thermosphere and extended into the mesosphere, stratosphere and lower atmosphere to provide a single analytic model for calculating zonal and meridional wind profiles representative of the climatological average for various geophysical conditions.
676 citations
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TL;DR: The results suggest that cortisol and aldosterone are physiological substrates for P-glycoprotein in the human adrenal cortex and that substances that efficiently bind to P- glycoprotein are not necessarily transported by P- Glycoprotein.
676 citations
Authors
Showing all 86225 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Kari Alitalo | 174 | 817 | 114231 |
Ralph M. Steinman | 171 | 453 | 121518 |
Masayuki Yamamoto | 171 | 1576 | 123028 |
Karl Deisseroth | 160 | 556 | 101487 |
Kenji Kangawa | 153 | 1117 | 110059 |
Takashi Taniguchi | 152 | 2141 | 110658 |
Ben Zhong Tang | 149 | 2007 | 116294 |
Takeo Kanade | 147 | 799 | 103237 |
Yuji Matsuzawa | 143 | 836 | 116711 |
Tasuku Honjo | 141 | 712 | 88428 |
Kenneth M. Yamada | 139 | 446 | 72136 |
Y. B. Hsiung | 138 | 1258 | 94278 |
Shuh Narumiya | 137 | 595 | 70183 |
Kevin P. Campbell | 137 | 521 | 60854 |
Junji Tojo | 135 | 878 | 84615 |