Ohio State University

About: Ohio State University is a education organization based out in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 102421 authors who have published 222715 publications receiving 8373403 citations. The organization is also known as: Ohio State & The Ohio State University.

Myocardial Viability and Survival in Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Abstract: A b s t r ac t Background The assessment of myocardial viability has been used to identify patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction in whom coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) will provide a survival benefit. However, the efficacy of this approach is uncertain. Methods In a substudy of patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunc tion who were enrolled in a randomized trial of medical therapy with or without CABG, we used single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT), dobuta mine echocardiography, or both to assess myocardial viability on the basis of pre specified thresholds. Results Among the 1212 patients enrolled in the randomized trial, 601 underwent assess ment of myocardial viability. Of these patients, we randomly assigned 298 to receive medical therapy plus CABG and 303 to receive medical therapy alone. A total of 178 of 487 patients with viable myocardium (37%) and 58 of 114 patients without viable myocardium (51%) died (hazard ratio for death among patients with viable myocar dium, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48 to 0.86; P = 0.003). However, after adjustment for other baseline variables, this association with mortality was not significant (P = 0.21). There was no significant interaction between viability status and treatment assignment with respect to mortality (P = 0.53). Conclusions The presence of viable myocardium was associated with a greater likelihood of survival in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, but this relationship was not significant after adjustment for other baseline variables. The assessment of myocardial viability did not identify patients with a dif ferential survival benefit from CABG, as compared with medical therapy alone. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; STICH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00023595.)

Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) in Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Abstract: BACKGROUND Irreversible inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) by ibrutinib represents an important therapeutic advance for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, ibrutinib also irreversibly inhibits alternative kinase targets, which potentially compromises its therapeutic index. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) is a more selective, irreversible BTK inhibitor that is specifically designed to improve on the safety and efficacy of first-generation BTK inhibitors. METHODS In this uncontrolled, phase 1–2, multicenter study, we administered oral acalabrutinib to 61 patients who had relapsed CLL to assess the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of acalabrutinib. Patients were treated with acalabrutinib at a dose of 100 to 400 mg once daily in the dose-escalation (phase 1) portion of the study and 100 mg twice daily in the expansion (phase 2) portion. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 62 years, and patients had received a median of three previous therapies for CLL; 31% had chromosome 17p13.1 deletion, and 75% had unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable genes. No dose-limiting toxic effects occurred during the dose-escalation portion of the study. The most common adverse events observed were headache (in 43% of the patients), diarrhea (in 39%), and increased weight (in 26%). Most adverse events were of grade 1 or 2. At a median followup of 14.3 months, the overall response rate was 95%, including 85% with a partial response and 10% with a partial response with lymphocytosis; the remaining 5% of patients had stable disease. Among patients with chromosome 17p13.1 deletion, the overall response rate was 100%. No cases of Richter’s transformation (CLL that has evolved into large-cell lymphoma) and only one case of CLL progression have occurred. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the selective BTK inhibitor acalabrutinib had promising safety and efficacy profiles in patients with relapsed CLL, including those with chromosome 17p13.1 deletion. (Funded by the Acerta Pharma and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02029443.)

Reconsidering Peers and Delinquency: How do Peers Matter?

Abstract: This paper examines the contribution of peer relations to delinquency from the perspective of two sociological traditions: socialization/normative influence and opportunity. Earlier studies have likely overestimated normative influence by relying on respondents' reports about their friends' behaviors rather than obtaining independent assessments and by inadequately controlling for the tendency to select peers who are similar to oneself. Using detailed social network data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we find support for both the socialization and opportunity models. Adolescents engage in higher rates of delinquency if they have highly delinquent friends and if they spend a great deal of time in unstructured socializing with friends. Yet our results also indicate that (1) the normative influence of peers on delinquency is more limited than indicated by most previous studies, (2) normative influence is not increased by being more closely attached to friends or spending more time with them, (3) the contribution of opportunity is independent from normative influence and of comparable importance, and (4) influences from the peer domain do not mediate the influences of age, gender, family or school.

International Consensus Guidance Statement on the Management and Treatment of IgG4-Related Disease

Abstract: A. Khosroshahi, Z. S. Wallace, J. L. Crowe, T. Akamizu, A. Azumi, M. N. Carruthers, S. T. Chari, E. Della-Torre, L. Frulloni, H. Goto, P. A. Hart, T. Kamisawa, S. Kawa, M. Kawano, M. H. Kim, Y. Kodama, K. Kubota, M. M. Lerch, M. L€ ohr, Y. Masaki, S. Matsui, T. Mimori, S. Nakamura, T. Nakazawa, H. Ohara, K. Okazaki, J. H. Ryu, T. Saeki, N. Schleinitz, A. Shimatsu, T. Shimosegawa, H. Takahashi, M. Takahira, A. Tanaka, M. Topazian, H. Umehara, G. J. Webster, T. E. Witzig, M. Yamamoto, W. Zhang, T. Chiba, and J. H. Stone