State University of New York System

About: State University of New York System is a education organization based out in Albany, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 54077 authors who have published 78070 publications receiving 2985160 citations.

A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Leadership Behavior: Integrating a Half Century of Behavior Research:

Abstract: A major problem in leadership research and theory has been lack of agreement about which behavior categories are relevant and meaningful. It is difficult to integrate findings from five decades of ...

Shape Statistics: Procrustes Superimpositions and Tangent Spaces

Abstract: The shape of a set of labeled points corresponds to those attributes of the configuration that are invariant to the effects of translation, rotation, and scale. Procrustes distance may be used to compare different shapes and also serve as a metric that may be used to define multidimensional shape spaces. This paper demonstrates that the preshape space of planar triangles Procrustes aligned to a reference triangle corresponds to a unit hemisphere. An overview of methods used as linear approximations of D. G. Kendall's non-Euclidean shape space is given, and the equivalence of several methods based on orthogonal projections is shown. Some problems with approximations based on stereo graphic projections are also discussed. A simple example using artificial data is included.

Electrostatic Potentials at Membrane-Solution Interfaces

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses electrostatic potentials at membrane solution interfaces. Lipids in the membranes of all cells and subcellular organelles are arranged in the form of a bilayer with the hydrocarbon tails sequestered away from the water and the polar head groups exposed to the aqueous environment. About 10%–20% of the lipids in the membranes of many cells and organelles bear a net negative charge, whereas positively charged lipids are extremely rare. The concentration of monovalent cations at the surface of the bilayer will be an order of magnitude higher than the concentration of these ions in the bulk aqueous phase. The surface potential produced by charged lipids is dependent on the salt concentration in the bulk aqueous phase and a seminal paper. The absence of proteins, polysaccharides, and other macromolecules present in biological membranes can be considered an advantage to test how well the theory of the diffuse double layer describes the electrostatic potential produced by charges on lipids. The chapter describes hydrophobic adsorption of charged molecules to bilayer membranes, the electrostatic potential produced by molecular dipoles at membrane-solution interfaces, and the electrostatic boundary potential produced by charges located in the interior of the membrane, a few angstroms from the interface. Few examples of the possible biological significance of these electrostatic surface potentials are also described.

Stress and Alcohol Use: Moderating Effects of Gender, Coping, and Alcohol Expectancies

Abstract: A stressor vulnerability model of stress-induced drinking was tested in a stratified random sample of 1,316 Black and White adult drinkers. Stressors were highly predictive of both alcohol use and drinking problems among men who relied on avoidant forms of emotion coping or held strong positive expectancies for alcohol's effects and accounted for more than 35% of the variance in alcohol use among the subgroup of men who were high in both vulnerability factors. In contrast, stressors were negatively related among men who were low in both and were unrelated among women regardless of their coping or expectancies. These findings suggest that tension reduction theories of alcohol use are overly broad and that individual characteristics must be considered to account for stress-related effects on alcohol use and abuse. Language: en