State University of New York System

About: State University of New York System is a education organization based out in Albany, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 54077 authors who have published 78070 publications receiving 2985160 citations.

Binding of acylated peptides and fatty acids to phospholipid vesicles : pertinence to myristoylated proteins

Abstract: We studied the binding of fatty acids and acylated peptides to phospholipid vesicles by making electrophoretic mobility and equilibrium dialysis measurements. The binding energies of the anionic form of the fatty acids and the corresponding acylated glycines were identical; the energies increased by 0.8 kcal/mol per number of carbons in the acyl chain (Ncarbon = 10, 12, 14, 16), a value identical to that for the classical entropy-driven hydrophobic effect discussed by Tanford [The Hydrophobic Effect (1980) Wiley, New York]. The unitary Gibbs free binding energy, delta Gou, of myristoylated glycine, 8 kcal/mol, is independent of the nature of the electrically neutral lipids used to form the vesicles. Similar binding energies were obtained with other myristoylated peptides (e.g., Gly-Ala, Gly-Ala-Ala). The 8 kcal/mol, which corresponds to an effective dissociation constant of 10(-4) M for myristoylated peptides with lipids, provides barely enough energy to attach a myristoylated protein in the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. Thus, other factors that reduce (e.g., hydrophobic interaction of myristate with the covalently attached protein) or enhance (e.g., electrostatic interactions of basic residues with acidic lipids; protein-protein interactions with intrinsic receptor proteins) the interaction of myristoylated proteins with membranes are likely to be important and may cause reversible translocation of these proteins to the membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

General pharmacokinetic model for drugs exhibiting target-mediated drug disposition.

Abstract: Drugs that bind with high affinity and to a significant extent (relative to dose) to a pharmacologic target such as an enzyme, receptor, or transporter may exhibit nonlinear pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior. Processes such as receptor-mediated endocytosis may result in drug elimination. A general PK model for characterizing such behavior is described and explored through computer simulations and applications to several therapeutic agents. Simulations show that model predicted plasma concentration vs. time profiles are expected to be polyexponential with steeper distribution phases for lower doses and similar terminal disposition phases. Noncompartmental parameters always show apparent Vss and CLD decreasing with dose, but apparent clearance decreases only when the binding process produces drug elimination. The proposed model well captured the time-course of drug concentrations for the aldose reductase inhibitor imirestat, the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan, and recombinant human interferon-β 1a. This type of model has a mechanistic basis and considerable utility for fully describing the kinetics for various doses of relevant drugs.

Relative timing of rifting and volcanism on earth and its tectonic implications

Abstract: It is suggested that two basic types of rifting-volcanism relative timing might be related to two basic modes of rifting. In one sequence, volcanism and, usually, local doming predate major rift formation, while in the other type, rifts form first and volcanism follows. In the first mode of rifting, the mantle plays an active role and convection 'plumes' dome up and crack the lithosphere, while in the second case, the horizontal movements of plates give rise to extension of the lithosphere and induce rifting, and the mantle is passive. Since numerous local conditions complicate this simple pattern, detailed stratigraphic/structural analysis of individual rifts is recommended.

Telemetry capsule and process

Abstract: An ingestible capsule and process for delivery, particularly repeatable delivery, of a medicament to the alimentary canal is disclosed wherein an essentially nondigestible capsule (1) contains an electric energy emitting means (2), a radio signal transmitting means (3), a medicament storage means (6) and a remote actuatable medicament releasing means (4). The capsule signals a remote receiver (8) as it progresses through the alimentary tract in a previously mapped route and upon reaching a specified site is remotely triggered to release a dosage of medicament.