State University of New York System

About: State University of New York System is a education organization based out in Albany, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 54077 authors who have published 78070 publications receiving 2985160 citations.

In vivo targeting of inducible NO synthase with oligodeoxynucleotides protects rat kidney against ischemia.

Abstract: Gene products of all three distinct nitric oxide synthases are present in the mammalian kidney. This mosaic topography of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms probably reflects distinct functional role played by each enzyme. While nitric oxide (NO) is cytotoxic to isolated renal tubules, inhibition of NO production in vivo invariably results in the aggravation of renal dysfunction in various models of acute renal failure. We reasoned that the existing ambiguity on the role of nitric oxide in acute renal failure is in part due to the lack of selective NOS inhibitors. Phosphorothioated derivatives of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting a conserved sequence within the open reading frame of the cDNA encoding the inducible NOS (iNOS) were designed to produce a selective knock-down of this enzyme. In vivo use of these antisense constructs attenuated acute renal failure in rats subjected to renal ischemia. This effect was due, at least in part, to the rescue of tubular epithelium from lethal injury. Application of antisense constructs did not affect endothelial NOS, as evidenced by a spared NO release after the infusion of bradykinin during in vivo monitoring with an NO-selective microelectrode. In conclusion, the data provide direct evidence for the cytotoxic effects of NO produced via iNOS in the course of ischemic acute renal failure, and offer a novel method to selectively prevent the induction of this enzyme.

Application of Donor/Acceptor-Carbenoids to the Synthesis of Natural Products

Abstract: The metal catalyzed reactions of diazo compounds have been broadly used in organic synthesis. The resulting metal–carbenoid intermediates are capable of undergoing a range of unconventional reactions, and due to their high energy, they are ideal for initiating cascade sequences leading to the rapid generation of structural complexity. This tutorial review will give an overview of the most versatile reactions of donor/acceptor carbenoids, an exciting class of intermediates capable of highly selective reactions. This will include cyclopropanation, [4 + 3] cycloaddition, and C–H functionalization methodologies. The application of this chemistry to the synthesis of a range of natural products will be described.

Chemical contrast in X-ray microscopy and spatially resolved XANES spectroscopy of organic specimens

Abstract: The scanning transmission x-ray microscope at the National Synchrotron Light Source has been used to record x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra from 0.01-square-micrometer regions of organic specimens. The spectral features observed reflect the molecular structure of the dominant absorbing atoms and provide the contrast mechanism for high-resolution imaging with chemical sensitivity. This technique was used with x-ray energies near the carbon K absorption edge to identify and map separate phases in various polymer blends and to map the DNA distribution in chromosomes with a spatial resolution of 55 nanometers.

SARS-CoV-2 titers in wastewater are higher than expected from clinically confirmed cases

Abstract: Wastewater surveillance may represent a complementary approach to measure the presence and even prevalence of infectious diseases when the capacity for clinical testing is limited. Moreover, aggregate, population-wide data can help inform modeling efforts. We tested wastewater collected at a major urban treatment facility in Massachusetts and found the presence of SARS-CoV-2 at high titers in the period from March 18 - 25 using RT-qPCR. We then confirmed the identity of the PCR product by direct DNA sequencing. Viral titers observed were significantly higher than expected based on clinically confirmed cases in Massachusetts as of March 25. The reason for the discrepancy is not yet clear, however, and until further experiments are complete, these data do not necessarily indicate that clinical estimates are incorrect. Our approach is scalable and may be useful in modeling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and future outbreaks.