Institution
State University of New York System
Education•Albany, New York, United States•
About: State University of New York System is a education organization based out in Albany, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 54077 authors who have published 78070 publications receiving 2985160 citations.
Topics: Population, Poison control, Context (language use), Gene, Receptor
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Findings from school, work, and physical domains and meta-analysis indicate that intrinsic motivation is a medium to strong predictor of performance, and incentive salience influenced the predictive validity of intrinsic motivation for performance.
Abstract: More than 4 decades of research and 9 meta-analyses have focused on the undermining effect: namely, the debate over whether the provision of extrinsic incentives erodes intrinsic motivation. This review and meta-analysis builds on such previous reviews by focusing on the interrelationship among intrinsic motivation, extrinsic incentives, and performance, with reference to 2 moderators: performance type (quality vs. quantity) and incentive contingency (directly performance-salient vs. indirectly performance-salient), which have not been systematically reviewed to date. Based on random-effects meta-analytic methods, findings from school, work, and physical domains (k = 183, N = 212,468) indicate that intrinsic motivation is a medium to strong predictor of performance (ρ = .21-45). The importance of intrinsic motivation to performance remained in place whether incentives were presented. In addition, incentive salience influenced the predictive validity of intrinsic motivation for performance: In a "crowding out" fashion, intrinsic motivation was less important to performance when incentives were directly tied to performance and was more important when incentives were indirectly tied to performance. Considered simultaneously through meta-analytic regression, intrinsic motivation predicted more unique variance in quality of performance, whereas incentives were a better predictor of quantity of performance. With respect to performance, incentives and intrinsic motivation are not necessarily antagonistic and are best considered simultaneously. Future research should consider using nonperformance criteria (e.g., well-being, job satisfaction) as well as applying the percent-of-maximum-possible (POMP) method in meta-analyses.
1,231 citations
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TL;DR: The meta-analysis indicates that reduction in LDL-C associated with statin drug treatment decreases the risk of coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality.
Abstract: ContextLowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is known to reduce
risk of recurrent coronary heart disease in middle-aged men. However, this
effect has been uncertain in elderly people and women.ObjectiveTo estimate the risk reduction of coronary heart disease and total mortality
associated with statin drug treatment, particularly in elderly individuals
and women.Data SourcesTrials published in English-language journals were retrieved by searching
MEDLINE (1966–December 1998), bibliographies, and authors' reference
files.Study SelectionStudies in which participants were randomized to statin or control treatment
for at least 4 years and clinical disease or death was the primary outcome
were included in the meta-analysis (5 of 182 initially identified).Data ExtractionInformation on sample size, study drug duration, type and dosage of
statin drug, participant characteristics at baseline, reduction in lipids
during intervention, and outcomes was abstracted independently by 2 authors
(J.H. and S.V.) using a standardized protocol. Disagreements were resolved
by consensus.Data SynthesisData from the 5 trials, with 30,817 participants, were included in this
meta-analysis. The mean duration of treatment was 5.4 years. Statin drug treatment
was associated with a 20% reduction in total cholesterol, 28% reduction in
LDL-C, 13% reduction in triglycerides, and 5% increase in high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol. Overall, statin drug treatment reduced risk 31% in major coronary
events (95% confidence interval [CI], 26%-36%) and 21% in all-cause mortality
(95% CI, 14%-28%). The risk reduction in major coronary events was similar
between women (29%; 95% CI, 13%-42%) and men (31%; 95% CI, 26%-35%), and between
persons aged at least 65 years (32%; 95% CI, 23%-39%) and persons younger
than 65 years (31%; 95% CI, 24%-36%).ConclusionsOur meta-analysis indicates that reduction in LDL-C associated with
statin drug treatment decreases the risk of coronary heart disease and all-cause
mortality. The risk reduction was similar for men and women and for elderly
and middle-aged persons.
1,230 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, two constructions of hyperkahler manifolds, one based on a Legendre transform and one on a sympletic quotient, are described, which can be described geometrically.
Abstract: We describe two constructions of hyperkahler manifolds, one based on a Legendre transform, and one on a sympletic quotient. These constructions arose in the context of supersymmetric nonlinear σ-models, but can be described entirely geometrically. In this general setting, we attempt to clarify the relation between supersymmetry and aspects of modern differential geometry, along the way reviewing many basic and well known ideas in the hope of making them accessible to a new audience.
1,227 citations
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TL;DR: GSH status, the biologically relevant chemistry of GSH, the forms in which GSH can be present within the cell, along with the GSH content of cells and the methods for analysis of this substance are discussed.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Glutathione (GSH) is the most important nonprotein thiol in living systems and is of widespread occurrence in the intracellular milieu of animals, plants, and microorganisms GSH was isolated and named by the English biochemist Frederick Gowland Hopkins This chapter discusses GSH status, the biologically relevant chemistry of GSH, the forms in which GSH can be present within the cell, along with the GSH content of cells and the methods for analysis of this substance GSH-related biochemical reactions and the biological roles of GSH are discussed in the chapter The use of perturbations in GSH status as a means for investigating GSH-related phenomena and an analysis of the consequences of perturbation are presented A short summary of genetic lesions related to GSH is also included Like chemically induced perturbations in GSH status, genetic lesions provide valuable insights into the role of GSH in normal functions and processes in cells The chapter concludes with some brief comments about the future of the relationship of GSH status to cellular processes
1,208 citations
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TL;DR: Results indicate that the successive weighting procedure can be highly successful, even when cladistically reliable characters are heavily outnumbered by unreliable ones, and computer simulation tests of the technique are described.
Abstract: Fa~ris, J. S. (Dept. Biol. Sci., State Uniu., Stony Brook, New York 11790) 1969. A successive approximations approach to charaaer weighting. Syst. Zool., 18:374385.-Characters that are reliable for cladistic inference are those that are consistent with the true phyletic relationships, that is, those that have little homoplasy. A set of cladistically reliable characters are correlated with each other in a particular non-linear fashion here referred to as hierarchic correlation. Cladistically unreliable characters can be hierarchically correlated only by chance. A technique that infers cladistic relationships by successively weighting characters according to apparent cladistic reliability is suggested, and computer simulation tests of the technique are described. Results indicate that the successive weighting procedure can be highly successful, even when cladistically reliable characters are heavily outnumbered by unreliable ones. [Evolutionary taxonomy. Cladistics. Char-acter weighting.]
1,207 citations
Authors
Showing all 54162 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Meir J. Stampfer | 277 | 1414 | 283776 |
Bert Vogelstein | 247 | 757 | 332094 |
Zhong Lin Wang | 245 | 2529 | 259003 |
Peter Libby | 211 | 932 | 182724 |
Robert M. Califf | 196 | 1561 | 167961 |
Stephen V. Faraone | 188 | 1427 | 140298 |
David L. Kaplan | 177 | 1944 | 146082 |
David Baker | 173 | 1226 | 109377 |
Nora D. Volkow | 165 | 958 | 107463 |
David R. Holmes | 161 | 1624 | 114187 |
Richard J. Davidson | 156 | 602 | 91414 |
Ronald G. Crystal | 155 | 990 | 86680 |
Jovan Milosevic | 152 | 1433 | 106802 |
James J. Collins | 151 | 669 | 89476 |
Mark A. Rubin | 145 | 699 | 95640 |