Institution
State University of New York System
Education•Albany, New York, United States•
About: State University of New York System is a education organization based out in Albany, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 54077 authors who have published 78070 publications receiving 2985160 citations.
Topics: Population, Poison control, Context (language use), Gene, Receptor
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: In this paper, an energy-transferring organically modified silica nanoparticles for two-photon photodynamic therapy was reported. But the authors did not consider the effect of a photoensitizer.
Abstract: We report energy-transferring organically modified silica nanoparticles for two-photon photodynamic therapy. These nanoparticles co-encapsulate two-photon fluorescent dye nanoaggregates as an energy up-converting donor and a photosensitizing PDT drug as an acceptor. They combine two features: (i) aggregation-enhanced two-photon absorption and emission properties of a novel two-photon dye and (ii) nanoscopic fluorescence resonance energy transfer between this nanoaggregate and a photosensitizer, 2-devinyl-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)pyropheophorbide. Stable aqueous dispersions of the co-encapsulating nanoparticles (diameter ≤ 30 nm) have been prepared in the nonpolar interior of micelles by coprecipitating an organically modified silica sol with the photosensitizer and an excess amount of the two-photon dye which forms fluorescent aggregates by phase separation from the particle matrix. Using a multidisciplinary nanophotonic approach, we show: (i) indirect excitation of the photosensitizer through efficient two-p...
652 citations
•
23 Dec 2002TL;DR: The authors used longitudinal data to examine the developmental consequences of gang membership, and its longer term influence on the life course, finding that multiple developmental deficits lead to gang membership and that membership leads to an increase in delinquency.
Abstract: Gang membership has long been understood to have a disruptive influence on adolescent development and to contribute disproportionately to the rate of delinquent crime. The nature of the impact, and the long-term effects on individuals, have not been well understood. This book uses longitudinal data to examine the developmental consequences of gang membership, and its longer term influence on the life course. This longitudinal approach is made possible by data from a study of antisocial behavior, The Rochester Youth Development Study, which followed one thousand adolescents through their early adult years. The subjects include delinquents who were gang members and others who were not, allowing the authors to compare motives, patterns of behavior, and recurring problems with caregivers and the law, education, peer relations, and career paths. The findings indicate that multiple developmental deficits lead to gang membership and that membership leads to an increase in delinquency.
652 citations
••
Washington University in St. Louis1, Cornell University2, California Institute of Technology3, Max Planck Society4, Search for extraterrestrial intelligence5, University of Nevada, Reno6, United States Geological Survey7, Arizona State University8, Lockheed Martin Corporation9, American Museum of Natural History10, Ames Research Center11, University of Chicago12, Space Science Institute13, Honeybee Robotics14, Smithsonian Institution15, Massachusetts Institute of Technology16, State University of New York System17, University of Mainz18, Harvard University19, Glenn Research Center20, Texas A&M University21, Ohio State University22, University of Copenhagen23, University of Tennessee24, Goddard Space Flight Center25, University of Arizona26, University of Alabama at Birmingham27
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the surface enrichment is the result of a minor amount of transport and deposition by aqueous processes on the surface of olivine-bearing basalts.
Abstract: Spirit landed on the floor of Gusev Crater and conducted initial operations on soil covered, rock-strewn cratered plains underlain by olivine-bearing basalts. Plains surface rocks are covered by wind-blown dust and show evidence for surface enrichment of soluble species as vein and void-filling materials and coatings. The surface enrichment is the result of a minor amount of transport and deposition by aqueous processes. Layered granular deposits were discovered in the Columbia Hills, with outcrops that tend to dip conformably with the topography. The granular rocks are interpreted to be volcanic ash and/or impact ejecta deposits that have been modified by aqueous fluids during and/or after emplacement. Soils consist of basaltic deposits that are weakly cohesive, relatively poorly sorted, and covered by a veneer of wind blown dust. The soils have been homogenized by wind transport over at least the several kilometer length scale traversed by the rover. Mobilization of soluble species has occurred within at least two soil deposits examined. The presence of mono-layers of coarse sand on wind-blown bedforms, together with even spacing of granule-sized surface clasts, suggest that some of the soil surfaces encountered by Spirit have not been modified by wind for some time. On the other hand, dust deposits on the surface and rover deck have changed during the course of the mission. Detection of dust devils, monitoring of the dust opacity and lower boundary layer, and coordinated experiments with orbiters provided new insights into atmosphere-surface dynamics.
647 citations
••
TL;DR: It is argued here that the current set of test implications suffers from three main problems: many are empirically derived from and context‐specific to the richer European record, rendering them problematic for use in the primarily tropical and subtropical African continent.
Abstract: Archaeology’s main contribution to the debate over the origins of modern humans has been investigating where and when modern human behavior is first recognized in the archaeological record. Most of this debate has been over the empirical record for the appearance and distribution of a set of traits that have come to be accepted as indicators of behavioral modernity. This debate has resulted in a series of competing models that we explicate here, and the traits are typically used as the test implications for these models. However, adequate tests of hypotheses and models rest on robust test implications, and we argue here that the current set of test implications suffers from three main problems: (1) Many are empirically derived from and context‐specific to the richer European record, rendering them problematic for use in the primarily tropical and subtropical African continent. (2) They are ambiguous because other processes can be invoked, often with greater parsimony, to explain their character. (3) Many ...
647 citations
•
28 Apr 1989
TL;DR: This paper presents a probabilistic revolution in physics through the lens of inference, arguing that numbers rule the world and Chance and life: controversies in modern biology is a major controversy.
Abstract: The Empire of Chance tells how quantitative ideas of chance transformed the natural and social sciences, as well as daily life over the last three centuries. A continuous narrative connects the earliest application of probability and statistics in gambling and insurance to the most recent forays into law, medicine, polling and baseball. Separate chapters explore the theoretical and methodological impact in biology, physics and psychology. Themes recur - determinism, inference, causality, free will, evidence, the shifting meaning of probability - but in dramatically different disciplinary and historical contexts. In contrast to the literature on the mathematical development of probability and statistics, this book centres on how these technical innovations remade our conceptions of nature, mind and society. Written by an interdisciplinary team of historians and philosophers, this readable, lucid account keeps technical material to an absolute minimum. It is aimed not only at specialists in the history and philosophy of science, but also at the general reader and scholars in other disciplines.
647 citations
Authors
Showing all 54162 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Meir J. Stampfer | 277 | 1414 | 283776 |
Bert Vogelstein | 247 | 757 | 332094 |
Zhong Lin Wang | 245 | 2529 | 259003 |
Peter Libby | 211 | 932 | 182724 |
Robert M. Califf | 196 | 1561 | 167961 |
Stephen V. Faraone | 188 | 1427 | 140298 |
David L. Kaplan | 177 | 1944 | 146082 |
David Baker | 173 | 1226 | 109377 |
Nora D. Volkow | 165 | 958 | 107463 |
David R. Holmes | 161 | 1624 | 114187 |
Richard J. Davidson | 156 | 602 | 91414 |
Ronald G. Crystal | 155 | 990 | 86680 |
Jovan Milosevic | 152 | 1433 | 106802 |
James J. Collins | 151 | 669 | 89476 |
Mark A. Rubin | 145 | 699 | 95640 |