Tohoku University

About: Tohoku University is a education organization based out in Sendai, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Magnetization & Alloy. The organization has 72116 authors who have published 170791 publications receiving 3941714 citations. The organization is also known as: Tōhoku daigaku.

The semicircle law, free random variables, and entropy

Abstract: Overview Probability laws and noncommutative random variables The free relation Analytic function theory and infinitely divisible laws Random matrices and asymptotically free relation Large deviations for random matrices Free entropy of noncommutative random variables Relation to operator algebras Bibliography Index.

Reversible storage of lithium in silver-coated three-dimensional macroporous silicon

Abstract: [*] Dr. Y. Yu, C. Zhu, Prof. Dr. J. Maier Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany) E-mail: yan.yu@fkf.mpg.de Dr. L. Gu, Prof. S. Tsukimoto WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan) E-mail: gu@wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp Dr. L. Gu, Dr. P. A. van Aken Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy Max Planck Institute for Metals Research Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)

Loss of aquaporin 4 in lesions of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory and necrotizing disease clinically characterized by selective involvement of the optic nerves and spinal cord. There has been a long controversy as to whether NMO is a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS) or a distinct disease. Recently, an NMO-specific antibody (NMO-IgG) was found in the sera from patients with NMO, and its target antigen was identified as aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel protein, mainly expressed in astroglial foot processes. However, the pathogenetic role of the AQP4 in NMO remains unknown. We did an immunohistopathological study on the distribution of AQP4, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP), activated complement C9neo and immunoglobulins in the spinal cord lesions and medulla oblongata of NMO (n = 12), MS (n = 6), brain and spinal infarction (n = 7) and normal control (n = 8). The most striking finding was that AQP4 immunoreactivity was lost in 60 out of a total of 67 acute and chronic NMO lesions (90%), but not in MS plaques. The extensive loss of AQP4 accompanied by decreased GFAP staining was evident, especially in the active perivascular lesions, where immunoglobulins and activated complements were deposited. Interestingly, in those NMO lesions, MBP-stained myelinated fibres were relatively preserved despite the loss of AQP4 and GFAP staining. The areas surrounding the lesions in NMO had enhanced expression of AQP4 and GFAP, which reflected reactive gliosis. In contrast, AQP4 immunoreactivity was well preserved and rather strongly stained in the demyelinating MS plaques, and infarcts were also stained for AQP4 from the very acute phase of necrosis to the chronic stage of astrogliosis. In normal controls, AQP4 was diffusely expressed in the entire tissue sections, but the staining in the spinal cord was stronger in the central grey matter than in the white matter. The present study demonstrated that the immunoreactivities of AQP4 and GFAP were consistently lost from the early stage of the lesions in NMO, notably in the perivascular regions with complement and immunoglobulin deposition. These features in NMO were distinct from those of MS and infarction as well as normal controls, and suggest that astrocytic impairment associated with the loss of AQP4 and humoral immunity may be important in the pathogenesis of NMO lesions.

Baloxavir Marboxil for Uncomplicated Influenza in Adults and Adolescents

Abstract: Background Baloxavir marboxil is a selective inhibitor of influenza cap-dependent endonuclease. It has shown therapeutic activity in preclinical models of influenza A and B virus infection...

Structure and Kinematics of the Stellar Halos and Thick Disks of the Milky Way Based on Calibration Stars from Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7

Abstract: The structure and kinematics of the recognized stellar components of the Milky Way are explored, based on well-determined atmospheric parameters and kinematic quantities for 32360 "calibration stars" from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and its first extension, SDSS-II, which included the sub-survey Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE). Full space motions for a sub-sample of 16,920 stars, exploring a local volume within 4 kpc of the Sun, are used to derive velocity ellipsoids for the inner- and outer-halo components of the Galaxy, as well as for the canonical thick-disk and proposed metal-weak thick-disk (MWTD) populations. This new sample of calibration stars represents an increase of 60% relative to the numbers used in a previous analysis. We first examine the question of whether the data require the presence of at least a two-component halo in order to account for the rotational behavior of likely halo stars in the local volume, and whether more than two components are needed. We also address the question of whether the proposed MWTD is kinematically and chemically distinct from the canonical thick disk, and point out that the Galactocentric rotational velocity inferred for the MWTD, as well as its mean metallicity, appear quite similar to the values derived previously for the Monoceros stream, suggesting a possible association between these structures. In addition, we consider the fractions of each component required to understand the nature of the observed kinematic behavior of the stellar populations of the Galaxy as a function of distance from the plane. Scale lengths and scale heights for the thick-disk and MWTD components are determined. Spatial density profiles for the inner- and outer-halo populations are inferred from a Jeans theorem analysis. The full set of calibration stars (including those outside the local volume) is used to test for the expected changes in the observed stellar metallicity distribution function with distance above the Galactic plane in situ, due to the changing contributions from the underlying stellar populations. The above issues are considered, in concert with theoretical and observational constraints from other Milky-Way-like galaxies, in light of modern cold dark matter galaxy formation models.