Tokyo University of Science

About: Tokyo University of Science is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Thin film. The organization has 15800 authors who have published 24147 publications receiving 438081 citations. The organization is also known as: Tōkyō Rika Daigaku & Science University of Tokyo.

Disruption of the blood brain barrier by brain metastases of triple-negative and basal-type breast cancer but not HER2/neu-positive breast cancer.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Generally, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of brain metastasis was thought to be disrupted. METHODS: We retrospectively performed immunohistochemical staining for glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) to evaluate the status of the BBB in resected brain metastases. Associations between expression of GLUT1 and/or BCRP and the immunohistochemical profiles of breast cancers, such as the statuses of hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), and a basal-type marker (cytokeratin 5/6, HER1), were also analyzed. RESULTS: The study included 29 breast cancer patients with brain metastasis who had undergone brain tumor resections. Among the 29 patients, there was no expression of GLUT1 and BCRP in the intratumor microvessels of 9 (32%) and 11 (38%) patients, respectively. There was no expression of both GLUT1 and BCRP in 8 patients (28%). The expression of GLUT1 was significantly associated with that of BCRP (P < .001). A positive correlation was observed between the expression of GLUT1 and/or BCRP and brain metastases of HER2/neu-positive breast cancer (P = .012), while a negative correlation was observed between the expression of GLUT1 and/or BCRP and brain metastases of triple negative or basal-type breast cancer (P = .014 and P = .003 for triple negative and basal-type, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Brain metastases of triple negative or basal-type breast cancers may often disrupt the BBB, whereas brain metastases of HER2/neu-positive breast cancer tend to preserve the BBB. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.

Origin of the large piezoelectric activity in ( 1 − x ) Ba ( Z r 0.2 T i 0.8 ) O 3 − x ( B a 0.7 C a 0.3 ) Ti O 3 ceramics

Abstract: The diffusionless pseudobinary phase diagram, monodomain properties, and free energy of $(1\ensuremath{-}x)\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{Z}{\mathrm{r}}_{0.2}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{i}}_{0.8}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}\text{\ensuremath{-}}x(\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.7}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.3})\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ are computed for comparison with experimental results. Specifically, the variation of the spontaneous polarization, anisotropy energy, and free energy with respect to temperature, composition, and polarization direction are discussed relative to the results of resonant piezoelectric measurements performed over a wide compositional range as a function of temperature. The phase angle, relative permittivity, piezoelectric and coupling coefficients, and elastic compliances were used to investigate relations between the computed and measured pseudobinary phase diagrams and the measured piezoelectric and elastic properties. It was found that ${d}_{33}$ values along the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase boundary are $\ensuremath{\sim}30%$ higher than those both along the rhombohedral to orthorhombic phase boundary and in the region where phases converge. It is shown that the reduction in anisotropy energy in these regions of the phase diagram is by itself insufficient to explain the measured properties. The highest small signal piezoelectric activity is found along the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase boundary due to a combination of reduced anisotropy energy, high remanent/spontaneous polarization, and increased elastic softening. The combined computed and experimental results are used to demonstrate that the interdependent behavior of these properties should be considered in the design of engineered piezoelectric ceramics.

Single-photon driven high-order sideband transitions in an ultrastrongly coupled circuit quantum electrodynamics system

Abstract: We report the experimental observation of high-order sideband transitions at the single-photon level in a quantum circuit system of a flux qubit ultrastrongly coupled to a coplanar waveguide resonator. With the coupling strength reaching 10% of the resonator's fundamental frequency, we obtain clear signatures of higher order red-sideband and first-order blue-sideband transitions, which are mainly due to the ultrastrong Rabi coupling. Our observation advances the understanding of ultrastrongly coupled systems and paves the way to study high-order processes in the quantum Rabi model at the single-photon level.