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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Control of pathogens and pathobionts by the gut microbiota.

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TLDR
The mechanisms that regulate the ability of the microbiota to restrain pathogen growth are complex and include competitive metabolic interactions, localization to intestinal niches and induction of host immune responses.
Abstract
A dense resident microbial community in the gut, referred as the commensal microbiota, coevolved with the host and is essential for many host physiological processes that include enhancement of the intestinal epithelial barrier, development of the immune system and acquisition of nutrients. A major function of the microbiota is protection against colonization by pathogens and overgrowth of indigenous pathobionts that can result from the disruption of the healthy microbial community. The mechanisms that regulate the ability of the microbiota to restrain pathogen growth are complex and include competitive metabolic interactions, localization to intestinal niches and induction of host immune responses. Pathogens, in turn, have evolved strategies to escape from commensal-mediated resistance to colonization. Thus, the interplay between commensals and pathogens or indigenous pathobionts is critical for controlling infection and disease. Understanding pathogen-commensal interactions may lead to new therapeutic approaches to treating infectious diseases.

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Book ChapterDOI

Prebiotics for Gastrointestinal Infections and Acute Diarrhea

TL;DR: Further studies are needed to provide a better characterization of these effects and to bring to light more solid evidence of their effectiveness with the aim of including them in the current medical guidelines.
Journal ArticleDOI

Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Clostridioides difficile Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the biofilms of the intestinal tract, their contribution to health and disease, and the factors influencing their formation are discussed. But, the authors focus on the factors contributing to biofilm formation in C. difficile, how these biofilm are formed, and their properties.
Posted ContentDOI

In situ relationships between microbiota and potential pathobiota in Arabidopsis thaliana

TL;DR: A significant humped-back relationship between microbiota and pathobiota α-diversity that was robust between both seasons and plant organs is observed, suggesting that the potential biomarkers controlling pathogen’s invasion are highly dynamic.
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The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and its association with cognition, frailty, and risk of disabilities in older adults: A systematic review.

TL;DR: DII showed to be a promising tool in the investigation of geriatric syndromes and resulted in a significant association, or predictive value, with variables related to frailty and cognitive decline.
Journal ArticleDOI

Gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptides

TL;DR: The study of gut microbiota and new peptides provides perspective for the synthesis of analogous molecules as an alternative in solving the problem of multidrug resistance reported with conventional antibiotics.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Pathogenic Escherichia coli

TL;DR: Few microorganisms are as versatile as Escherichia coli; it can also be a highly versatile, and frequently deadly, pathogen.
Journal ArticleDOI

Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent Clostridium difficile

TL;DR: The infusion of donor feces was significantly more effective for the treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection than the use of vancomycin and patients showed increased fecal bacterial diversity, similar to that in healthy donors, with an increase in Bacteroidetes species and clostridium clusters IV and XIVa and a decrease in Proteobacteria species.
Journal ArticleDOI

Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome

TL;DR: This study illustrates how combining comparative metagenomics with gnotobiotic mouse models and specific dietary manipulations can disclose the niches of previously uncharacterized members of the gut microbiota.
Journal ArticleDOI

Genome sequence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

TL;DR: It is found that lateral gene transfer is far more extensive than previously anticipated and 1,387 new genes encoded in strain-specific clusters of diverse sizes were found in O157:H7, including candidate virulence factors, alternative metabolic capacities, several prophages and other new functions—all of which could be targets for surveillance.
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