Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
Stephen Sawcer,Garrett Hellenthal,Matti Pirinen,Chris C. A. Spencer,Nikolaos A. Patsopoulos,Nikolaos A. Patsopoulos,Nikolaos A. Patsopoulos,Loukas Moutsianas,Alexander T. Dilthey,Zhan Su,Colin Freeman,Sarah E. Hunt,Sarah Edkins,Emma Gray,David R. Booth,Simon C. Potter,An Goris,Gavin Band,Annette Bang Oturai,A. Strange,Janna Saarela,Céline Bellenguez,Bertrand Fontaine,Matthew W. Gillman,Bernhard Hemmer,Rhian Gwilliam,Frauke Zipp,Alagurevathi Jayakumar,Roland Martin,Stephen Leslie,Stanley Hawkins,Eleni Giannoulatou,Sandra D'Alfonso,Hannah Blackburn,Filippo Martinelli Boneschi,Jennifer Liddle,Hanne F. Harbo,Hanne F. Harbo,M. Perez,Anne Spurkland,Matthew Waller,Marcin P. Mycko,Michelle Ricketts,Manuel Comabella,Naomi Hammond,Ingrid Kockum,O. T. McCann,Maria Ban,Pamela Whittaker,Anu Kemppinen,Paul A. Weston,Clive Hawkins,Sara Widaa,John Zajicek,John Zajicek,Serge Dronov,Neil Robertson,Suzannah Bumpstead,Lisa F. Barcellos,Lisa F. Barcellos,Rathi Ravindrarajah,Roby Abraham,Lars Alfredsson,Kristin G. Ardlie,Cristin Aubin,Amie Baker,K Baker,Sergio E. Baranzini,Laura Bergamaschi,Roberto Bergamaschi,Allan L. Bernstein,Achim Berthele,Mike Boggild,Jonathan P. Bradfield,David Brassat,Simon Broadley,Dorothea Buck,Helmut Butzkueven,Ruggero Capra,William M. Carroll,Paola Cavalla,Elisabeth Gulowsen Celius,Sabine Cepok,Rosetta M. Chiavacci,Françoise Clerget-Darpoux,Katleen Clysters,Giancarlo Comi,Mark D. Cossburn,Isabelle Cournu-Rebeix,M. B. Cox,Wendy Cozen,Bruce A.C. Cree,Anne H. Cross,Daniele Cusi,Mark J. Daly,Mark J. Daly,Emma J. Davis,Paul I.W. de Bakker,Paul I.W. de Bakker,Paul I.W. de Bakker,Marc Debouverie,Marie B. D'hooghe,K Dixon,Rita Dobosi,Bénédicte Dubois,David Ellinghaus,Irina Elovaara,Federica Esposito,Claire Fontenille,Simon J. Foote,Andre Franke,Daniela Galimberti,Angelo Ghezzi,Joseph T. Glessner,Refujia Gomez,Olivier Gout,Colin A. Graham,Struan F.A. Grant,Struan F.A. Grant,Franca Rosa Guerini,Hakon Hakonarson,Hakon Hakonarson,Per Hall,Anders Hamsten,Hans-Peter Hartung,Robert Heard,Simon Heath,Jeremy Hobart,Jeremy Hobart,Muna Hoshi,Carmen Infante-Duarte,Gillian Ingram,Wendy Ingram,Wendy Ingram,Talat Islam,Maja Jagodic,Michael Kabesch,Allan G. Kermode,Trevor J. Kilpatrick,Cecilia Kim,Norman Klopp,Keijo Koivisto,Malin Larsson,Mark Lathrop,Jeannette Lechner-Scott,Maurizio Leone,Virpi M. Leppä,Ulrika Liljedahl,Izaura Lima Bomfim,Robin R. Lincoln,Jenny Link,Jianjun Liu,Åslaug R. Lorentzen,Åslaug R. Lorentzen,Sara Lupoli,Fabio Macciardi,Fabio Macciardi,Thomas M. Mack,Mark Marriott,Vittorio Martinelli,Deborah F. Mason,Jacob L. McCauley,Frank D. Mentch,Inger-Lise Mero,Tania Mihalova,Xavier Montalban,John Mottershead,Kjell-Morten Myhr,Paola Naldi,William E R Ollier,Alison Page,Aarno Palotie,Jean Pelletier,Laura Piccio,Trevor Pickersgill,Fredrik Piehl,Susan Pobywajlo,Hong L. Quach,Patricia P. Ramsay,Mauri Reunanen,Richard Reynolds,John D. Rioux,John D. Rioux,Mariaemma Rodegher,Sabine Roesner,Justin P. Rubio,Ina-Maria Rueckert,Marco Salvetti,Erika Salvi,Adam Santaniello,Catherine Schaefer,Stefan Schreiber,Christian Schulze,Rodney J. Scott,Finn Sellebjerg,Krzysztof Selmaj,David Sexton,Ling Shen,Brigid Simms-Acuna,Sheila Skidmore,Patrick M. A. Sleiman,C. Smestad,Per Soelberg Sørensen,Helle Bach Søndergaard,Jim Stankovich,Richard C. Strange,Anna-Maija Sulonen,Emilie Sundqvist,Ann-Christine Syvaenen,Francesca Taddeo,Bruce V. Taylor,Jenefer M. Blackwell,Jenefer M. Blackwell,Jenefer M. Blackwell,Pentti J. Tienari,Elvira Bramon,Ayman Tourbah,Matthew A. Brown,Ewa Tronczynska,Juan P. Casas,Niall Tubridy,Aiden Corvin,Jane Vickery,Jane Vickery,Janusz Jankowski,Pablo Villoslada,Hugh S. Markus,Kai Wang,Christopher G. Mathew,James Wason,Colin N. A. Palmer,H-Erich Wichmann,H-Erich Wichmann,Robert Plomin,Ernest Willoughby,Anna Rautanen,Juliane Winkelmann,Michael Wittig,Richard C. Trembath,J. Yaouanq,Ananth C. Viswanathan,Ananth C. Viswanathan,Haitao Zhang,Nicholas W. Wood,Rebecca L. Zuvich,Panos Deloukas,Cordelia Langford,Audrey Duncanson,Jorge R. Oksenberg,Margaret A. Pericak-Vance,Jonathan L. Haines,Tomas Olsson,Jan Hillert,Adrian J. Ivinson,Philip L. De Jager,Philip L. De Jager,Philip L. De Jager,Leena Peltonen,Graeme J. Stewart,David A. Hafler,David A. Hafler,Stephen L. Hauser,Gil McVean,Peter Donnelly,Peter Donnelly,Alastair Compston +265 more
TLDR
In this article, a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, they have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci.Abstract:
Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.read more
Citations
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Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes
Anshul Kundaje,Wouter Meuleman,Wouter Meuleman,Jason Ernst,Misha Bilenky,Angela Yen,Angela Yen,Alireza Heravi-Moussavi,Pouya Kheradpour,Pouya Kheradpour,Zhizhuo Zhang,Zhizhuo Zhang,Jianrong Wang,Jianrong Wang,Michael J. Ziller,Viren Amin,John W. Whitaker,Matthew D. Schultz,Lucas D. Ward,Lucas D. Ward,Abhishek Sarkar,Abhishek Sarkar,Gerald Quon,Gerald Quon,Richard Sandstrom,Matthew L. Eaton,Matthew L. Eaton,Yi-Chieh Wu,Yi-Chieh Wu,Andreas R. Pfenning,Andreas R. Pfenning,Xinchen Wang,Xinchen Wang,Melina Claussnitzer,Melina Claussnitzer,Yaping Liu,Yaping Liu,Cristian Coarfa,R. Alan Harris,Noam Shoresh,Charles B. Epstein,Elizabeta Gjoneska,Elizabeta Gjoneska,Danny Leung,Wei Xie,R. David Hawkins,Ryan Lister,Chibo Hong,Philippe Gascard,Andrew J. Mungall,Richard A. Moore,Eric Chuah,Angela Tam,Theresa K. Canfield,R. Scott Hansen,Rajinder Kaul,Peter J. Sabo,Mukul S. Bansal,Mukul S. Bansal,Mukul S. Bansal,Annaick Carles,Jesse R. Dixon,Kai How Farh,Soheil Feizi,Soheil Feizi,Rosa Karlic,Ah Ram Kim,Ah Ram Kim,Ashwinikumar Kulkarni,Daofeng Li,Rebecca F. Lowdon,Ginell Elliott,Tim R. Mercer,Shane Neph,Vitor Onuchic,Paz Polak,Paz Polak,Nisha Rajagopal,Pradipta R. Ray,Richard C Sallari,Richard C Sallari,Kyle Siebenthall,Nicholas A Sinnott-Armstrong,Nicholas A Sinnott-Armstrong,Michael Stevens,Robert E. Thurman,Jie Wu,Bo Zhang,Xin Zhou,Arthur E. Beaudet,Laurie A. Boyer,Philip L. De Jager,Philip L. De Jager,Peggy J. Farnham,Susan J. Fisher,David Haussler,Steven J.M. Jones,Steven J.M. Jones,Wei Li,Marco A. Marra,Michael T. McManus,Shamil R. Sunyaev,Shamil R. Sunyaev,James A. Thomson,Thea D. Tlsty,Li-Huei Tsai,Li-Huei Tsai,Wei Wang,Robert A. Waterland,Michael Q. Zhang,Lisa Helbling Chadwick,Bradley E. Bernstein,Bradley E. Bernstein,Bradley E. Bernstein,Joseph F. Costello,Joseph R. Ecker,Martin Hirst,Alexander Meissner,Aleksandar Milosavljevic,Bing Ren,John A. Stamatoyannopoulos,Ting Wang,Manolis Kellis,Manolis Kellis +123 more
TL;DR: It is shown that disease- and trait-associated genetic variants are enriched in tissue-specific epigenomic marks, revealing biologically relevant cell types for diverse human traits, and providing a resource for interpreting the molecular basis of human disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data
Clare Bycroft,Colin Freeman,Desislava Petkova,Desislava Petkova,Gavin Band,Lloyd T. Elliott,Kevin Sharp,Allan Motyer,Damjan Vukcevic,Olivier Delaneau,Olivier Delaneau,Jared O'Connell,Adrian Cortes,Adrian Cortes,Samantha Welsh,Alan Young,Mark Effingham,Gil McVean,Stephen Leslie,Naomi E. Allen,Peter Donnelly,Jonathan Marchini +21 more
TL;DR: Deep phenotype and genome-wide genetic data from 500,000 individuals from the UK Biobank is described, describing population structure and relatedness in the cohort, and imputation to increase the number of testable variants to 96 million.
Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes
Anshul Kundaje,Wouter Meuleman,Jason Ernst,Angela Yen,Pouya Kheradpour,Zhizhuo Zhang,Jianrong Wang,Lucas D. Ward,Abhishek Sarkar,Gerald Quon,Matthew L. Eaton,Yi-Chieh Wu,Andreas R. Pfenning,Xinchen Wang,Melina Claussnitzer,Yaping Liu,Mukul S. Bansal,Soheil Feizi-Khankandi,Ah Ram Kim,Richard C Sallari,Nicholas A Sinnott-Armstrong,Laurie A. Boyer,Elizabeta Gjoneska,Li-Huei Tsai,Manolis Kellis +24 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes generated as part of the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease
Jean-Charles Lambert,Jean-Charles Lambert,Jean-Charles Lambert,Carla A. Ibrahim-Verbaas,Denise Harold,Adam C. Naj,Rebecca Sims,Céline Bellenguez,Céline Bellenguez,Céline Bellenguez,Gyungah Jun,Anita L. DeStefano,Joshua C. Bis,Gary W. Beecham,Benjamin Grenier-Boley,Benjamin Grenier-Boley,Benjamin Grenier-Boley,Giancarlo Russo,Tricia A. Thornton-Wells,Nicola Jones,Albert V. Smith,Vincent Chouraki,Vincent Chouraki,Vincent Chouraki,Charlene Thomas,M. Arfan Ikram,Diana Zelenika,Badri N. Vardarajan,Yoichiro Kamatani,Chiao-Feng Lin,Amy Gerrish,Helena Schmidt,Brian W. Kunkle,Melanie L. Dunstan,Agustín Ruiz,Marie-Thérèse Bihoreau,Seung Hoan Choi,Christiane Reitz,Florence Pasquier,Paul Hollingworth,Alfredo Ramirez,Olivier Hanon,Annette L. Fitzpatrick,Joseph D. Buxbaum,Dominique Campion,Paul K. Crane,Clinton T. Baldwin,Tim Becker,Tim Becker,Vilmundur Gudnason,Carlos Cruchaga,David Craig,Najaf Amin,Claudine Berr,Oscar L. Lopez,Philip L. De Jager,Philip L. De Jager,Vincent Deramecourt,Janet A. Johnston,Denis A. Evans,Simon Lovestone,Luc Letenneur,Francisco J. Morón,David C. Rubinsztein,Gudny Eiriksdottir,Kristel Sleegers,Kristel Sleegers,Alison Goate,Nathalie Fievet,Nathalie Fievet,Matthew J. Huentelman,Michael Gill,Kristelle Brown,M. Ilyas Kamboh,Lina Keller,Pascale Barberger-Gateau,Bernadette McGuinness,Eric B. Larson,Eric B. Larson,Robert C. Green,Amanda J. Myers,Carole Dufouil,Stephen Todd,David Wallon,Seth Love,Ekaterina Rogaeva,John Gallacher,Peter St George-Hyslop,Peter St George-Hyslop,Jordi Clarimón,Alberto Lleó,Anthony Bayer,Debby W. Tsuang,Lei Yu,Magda Tsolaki,Paola Bossù,Gianfranco Spalletta,Petroula Proitsi,John Collinge,Sandro Sorbi,Florentino Sanchez-Garcia,Nick C. Fox,John Hardy,Maria Candida Deniz Naranjo,Paolo Bosco,Robert Clarke,Carol Brayne,Daniela Galimberti,Michelangelo Mancuso,Fiona E. Matthews,Genetic,Environmental Risk in Alzheimer's Disease,Environmental Risk in Alzheimer's Disease,Cohorts for Heart,Cohorts for Heart,Susanne Moebus,Patrizia Mecocci,Maria Del Zompo,Wolfgang Maier,Wolfgang Maier,Harald Hampel,Harald Hampel,Alberto Pilotto,María J. Bullido,María J. Bullido,Francesco Panza,Paolo Caffarra,Paolo Caffarra,Benedetta Nacmias,John R. Gilbert,Manuel Mayhaus,Lars Lannfelt,Hakon Hakonarson,Sabrina Pichler,Minerva M. Carrasquillo,Martin Ingelsson,Duane Beekly,Victoria Alvarez,Fanggeng Zou,Otto Valladares,Steven G. Younkin,Eliecer Coto,Kara L. Hamilton-Nelson,Wei Gu,Cristina Razquin,Pau Pastor,Ignacio Mateo,Michael John Owen,Kelley Faber,Palmi V. Jonsson,Onofre Combarros,Michael Conlon O'Donovan,Laura B. Cantwell,Hilkka Soininen,Deborah Blacker,Simon Mead,Thomas H. Mosley,David A. Bennett,Tamara B. Harris,Laura Fratiglioni,Laura Fratiglioni,Clive Holmes,Renée F.A.G. de Bruijn,Peter Passmore,Thomas J. Montine,Karolien Bettens,Karolien Bettens,Jerome I. Rotter,Alexis Brice,Alexis Brice,Kevin Morgan,Tatiana Foroud,Walter A. Kukull,Didier Hannequin,John Powell,Mike A. Nalls,Karen Ritchie,Kathryn L. Lunetta,John S. K. Kauwe,Eric Boerwinkle,Eric Boerwinkle,Matthias Riemenschneider,Mercè Boada,Mikko Hiltunen,Eden R. Martin,Reinhold Schmidt,Dan Rujescu,Li-San Wang,Jean-François Dartigues,Jean-François Dartigues,Richard Mayeux,Christophe Tzourio,Albert Hofman,Markus M. Nöthen,Caroline Graff,Caroline Graff,Bruce M. Psaty,Bruce M. Psaty,Lesley Jones,Jonathan L. Haines,Peter Holmans,Mark Lathrop,Mark Lathrop,Margaret A. Pericak-Vance,Lenore J. Launer,Lindsay A. Farrer,Cornelia M. van Duijn,Christine Van Broeckhoven,Christine Van Broeckhoven,Valentina Moskvina,Sudha Seshadri,Julie Williams,Gerard D. Schellenberg,Philippe Amouyel,Philippe Amouyel,Philippe Amouyel +215 more
TL;DR: In addition to the APOE locus (encoding apolipoprotein E), 19 loci reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) in the combined stage 1 and stage 2 analysis, of which 11 are newly associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
LD score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies :
Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,Po-Ru Loh,Hilary K. Finucane,Stephan Ripke,Jian Yang,Nick Patterson,Mark J. Daly,Alkes L. Price,Benjamin M. Neale +8 more
TL;DR: It is found that polygenicity accounts for the majority of the inflation in test statistics in many GWAS of large sample size, and the LD Score regression intercept can be used to estimate a more powerful and accurate correction factor than genomic control.
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