Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Role of Shear Stress on ET-1, KLF2, and NOS-3 Expression in the Developing Cardiovascular System of Chicken Embryos in a Venous Ligation Model
TL;DR: The role of wallShear stress in the chicken embryonic heart is analyzed to determine its effect on cardiac development through regulating gene expression and a set of endothelial shear stress-responsive genes coding for endothelin-1, lung Krüppel-like factor, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase are specifically addressed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Benchmarking in vitro tissue-engineered blood-brain barrier models.
Jackson G. DeStefano,John J. Jamieson,Raleigh M. Linville,Raleigh M. Linville,Peter C. Searson +4 more
TL;DR: A set of parameters associated with structure, infrastructure, microenvironment, barrier function, and cell function are described that are considered a starting point for benchmarking and validation of the blood–brain barrier in humans and animal models.
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Time-resolved, 3-dimensional magnetic resonance flow analysis at 3 T: visualization of normal and pathological aortic vascular hemodynamics.
Alex Frydrychowicz,Andreas Harloff,Bernd Jung,Maxim Zaitsev,Ernst Weigang,Thorsten A. Bley,Mathias Langer,Jürgen Hennig,Michael Markl +8 more
TL;DR: Flow-sensitive 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T and advanced3-dimensional visualization were used to visualize local and global vascular hemodynamics in the thoracic aorta and revealed considerable changes in local blood flow characteristics, compared with normal volunteers.
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Translational considerations in injectable cell-based therapeutics for neurological applications: concepts, progress and challenges
TL;DR: An overview of the challenges facing effective delivery of cell therapies, examines key studies that have been carried out to investigate injectable cell delivery, and outlines opportunities for translating these findings into more effective cell-therapy interventions are outlined.
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Myocardial bridging: depiction rate and morphology at CT coronary angiography--comparison with conventional coronary angiography.
Sebastian Leschka,Pascal Koepfli,Lars Husmann,André Plass,Robert Vachenauer,Oliver Gaemperli,Tiziano Schepis,Michele Genoni,Borut Marincek,Franz R. Eberli,Philipp A. Kaufmann,Hatem Alkadhi +11 more
TL;DR: The depiction rate of MB is greater with 64-section CT coronary angiography than with conventional coronaryAngiography, and the degree of systolic compression of MB significantly correlates with tunneled segment depth but not length.
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