Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Modulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression by red blood cell aggregation.
TL;DR: The results imply that enhanced RBC aggregation results in suppressed expression of NO synthesizing mechanisms, thereby leading to altered vasomotor tonus; the mechanisms involved most likely relate to decreased wall shear stresses due to decreased blood flow and/or increased axial accumulation of RBCs.
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Reproducibility of image-based computational fluid dynamics models of the human carotid bifurcation.
TL;DR: Serial black blood and cine phase contrast MRI is used to reconstruct CFD models of the carotid bifurcations of three subjects with early atherosclerosis, each imaged three times at weekly intervals, finding reproducibility was determined largely by the precision of the lumen boundary extraction from the individual MR images.
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Activation of sickle red blood cell adhesion via integrin-associated protein/CD47–induced signal transduction
Julia E. Brittain,Kathryn J. Mlinar,Christopher S. Anderson,Eugene P. Orringer,Leslie V. Parise +4 more
TL;DR: Reticulocyte-enriched RBCs derived from sickle-cell disease (SCD) patients are most responsive to IAP-induced activation and are established as signaling cells that respond to a novel synergy between I AP-induced signal transduction and shear stress, suggesting new therapeutic targets in SCD.
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The role of blood flow in determining the sites of atherosclerotic plaques
TL;DR: The molecular mechanisms behind the spatial localization of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis are addressed, with particular focus on studies by the own group of two key proinflammatory signaling pathways, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the nuclear factor-kappa-B pathway.
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Myocardial Bridge: Evaluation on MDCT
TL;DR: Myocardial bridge predisposes to the development of atherosclerosis in the coronary artery segment proximal to the bridge, which may indicate that myocardials should be considered an anatomic risk factor in the evaluation of CAD.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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