Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Complex regulation and function of the inflammatory smooth muscle cell phenotype in atherosclerosis.
TL;DR: Current knowledge in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation is summarized and some of the key unresolved challenges and questions requiring further study are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
MRI and CFD studies of pulsatile flow in healthy and stenosed carotid bifurcation models
TL;DR: Pulsatile flow was studied in physiologically realistic models of a normal and a moderately stenosed (30% diameter reduction) human carotid bifurcation to derive wall shear stress vectors and compare qualitatively with the corresponding CFD predictions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plaque Rupture in the Carotid Artery Is Localized at the High Shear Stress Region A Case Report
Harald C. Groen,Frank J. H. Gijsen,Aad van der Lugt,Marina S. Ferguson,Thomas S. Hatsukami,Anton F. W. van der Steen,Chun Yuan,Jolanda J. Wentzel +7 more
TL;DR: Plaque ulceration at the high WSS location of a protruding plaque in the carotid artery is found in a 67-year-old woman and is suggested to be a potential parameter for predicting future events.
Journal ArticleDOI
Imaging of atherosclerosis: carotid intima–media thickness
TL;DR: Carotid ultrasound provides quantitative measurements of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) that can be used to assess cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in individuals and monitor ongoing disease progression and regression in clinical trials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Localized elevation of shear stress is related to coronary plaque rupture: a 3-dimensional intravascular ultrasound study with in-vivo color mapping of shear stress distribution.
Yusaku Fukumoto,Takafumi Hiro,Takashi Fujii,Genta Hashimoto,Tatsuhiro Fujimura,Jutaro Yamada,Takayuki Okamura,Masunori Matsuzaki +7 more
TL;DR: A new color-mapping program of shear stress with 3-dimensional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to assess the relationship between shear Stress distribution and coronary plaque rupture by means of a new colorized mappings of the distribution of the streamline, blood pressure, andShear stress.
References
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