Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Errors in the estimation of wall shear stress by maximum Doppler velocity
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Materials, Fluid Dynamics, and Solid Mechanics Aspects of Coronary Artery Stents : A State-of-the-Art Review
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Signalling pathways in vascular endothelium activated by shear stress: relevance to atherosclerosis.
TL;DR: Major advances in understanding of how endothelial cells sense and respond to haemodynamic forces and, more specifically, to fluid shear stress have been achieved during the past 3 years, leading to better understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the development of atherosclerosis.
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Use of computational fluid dynamics studies in predicting aneurysmal degeneration of acute type B aortic dissections
Eric K. Shang,Derek P. Nathan,Ronald M. Fairman,Joseph E. Bavaria,Robert C. Gorman,Joseph H. Gorman,Benjamin M. Jackson +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to identify patients at risk of acute type B aortic dissection complicated by rapidly expanding aneurysms, and showed that CFD may assist in predicting which patients may benefit from early stent grafting.
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Erythrocyte deformability responses to intermittent and continuous subhemolytic shear stress
TL;DR: Shear stress has a biphasic effect on the mechanical properties of RBC, with the duration and rate of exposure appearing to have minimal impact on the subhemolytic threshold when compared with the magnitude of applied shear stress.
References
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