Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A rational approach to defining principal axes of multidirectional wall shear stress in realistic vascular geometries, with application to the study of the influence of helical flow on wall shear stress directionality in aorta
Umberto Morbiducci,Diego Gallo,Simone Cristofanelli,Raffaele Ponzini,Marco Agostino Deriu,Giovanna Rizzo,David A. Steinman +6 more
TL;DR: The projection scheme confirmed its consistency and plausibility in realistic arterial geometries and allowed to get insight into the relationship between aortic intravascular fluid structures and WSS directionality.
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Method and system for providing information from a patient-specific model of blood flow
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a system for providing blood flow information for a patient, which includes at least one computer system including a touchscreen, and the system may display, on the touchscreen, a 3D model representing at least a portion of an anatomical structure of the patient based on patient-specific data.
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Hemodynamics influences vascular peroxynitrite formation: Implication for low-density lipoprotein apo-B-100 nitration.
Tzung K. Hsiai,Juliana Hwang,Mark L. Barr,Adria Correa,Ryan T. Hamilton,Mohammad Alavi,Mahsa Rouhanizadeh,Enrique Cadenas,Stanley L. Hazen +8 more
TL;DR: The characteristics of shear stress in the arterial bifurcations influenced the relative production of O2(-.) and .NO with an implication for ONOO(-) formation as evidenced by LDL protein nitration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Calcified Plaques in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes.
Tomoyo Sugiyama,Erika Yamamoto,Francesco Fracassi,Hang Lee,Taishi Yonetsu,Tsunekazu Kakuta,Tsunenari Soeda,Yoshihiko Saito,Bryan P. Yan,Osamu Kurihara,Masamichi Takano,Giampaolo Niccoli,Filippo Crea,Takumi Higuma,Shigeki Kimura,Yoshiyasu Minami,Junya Ako,Tom Adriaenssens,Niklas Boeder,Holger M. Nef,James G. Fujimoto,Valentin Fuster,Aloke V. Finn,Erling Falk,Ik-Kyung Jang +24 more
TL;DR: Three distinct types of calcified culprit plaques are identified in patients with acute coronary syndromes and superficial calcific sheet, which is frequently located in the left anterior descending coronary artery, is the most prevalent type and is also associated with greatest post-intervention myocardial damage.
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Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular vasculopathy in sickle cell anaemia
TL;DR: The present review discusses the pathophysiologal mechanisms that could be involved in the development of cerebral vasculopathy, such as inflammation and hypoxia, anaemia, haemolysis and the resulting decreased nitric oxide bioavailability, genetic factors, impaired blood rheology and particular local haemodynamic profiles.
References
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Atherosclerosis — An Inflammatory Disease
TL;DR: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease as discussed by the authors, and it is a major cause of death in the United States, Europe, and much of Asia, despite changes in lifestyle and use of new pharmacologic approaches to lower plasma cholesterol concentrations.
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Vascular endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine.
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Journal ArticleDOI
The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (1).
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