Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Platelet factor 4 localization in carotid atherosclerotic plaques: correlation with clinical parameters.
Stephanie Pitsilos,Jennifer L. Hunt,Emile R. Mohler,Anand M. Prabhakar,Mortimer Poncz,Jennine Dawicki,Tigran Z. Khalapyan,Megan L. Wolfe,Ronald M. Fairman,Marc E. Mitchell,Jeffrey P. Carpenter,Michael A. Golden,Douglas B. Cines,Bruce S. Sachais +13 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the localization of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and the homologous protein, Neutrophil Activating Protein-2 (NAP-2), in lesions representing the evolution of human atherosclerotic plaques.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regions of low endothelial shear stress are the sites where coronary plaque progresses and vascular remodelling occurs in humans: an in vivo serial study
Peter Stone,Ahmet U. Coskun,Scott Kinlay,Jeffrey J. Popma,Milan Sonka,Andreas Wahle,Yerem Yeghiazarians,Charles Maynard,Richard E. Kuntz,Charles L. Feldman +9 more
TL;DR: Early in vivo identification of arterial subsegments likely to develop high-risk plaque characteristics may allow for selective interventions to avoid adverse cardiac outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the Relative Importance of Rheology for Image-Based CFD Models of the Carotid Bifurcation
Sang-Wook Lee,David A. Steinman +1 more
TL;DR: For image-based CFD simulations of the normal carotid bifurcation, the assumption of constant viscosity at a nominal hematocrit is reasonable in light of currently available levels of geometric precision, thus serving to obviate the need to acquire patient-specific rheological data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamics and wall mechanics in human carotid bifurcation and its consequences for atherogenesis: investigation of inter-individual variation
H.F. Younis,M.R. Kaazempur-Mofrad,M.R. Kaazempur-Mofrad,Raymond Chan,A. G. Isasi,D. P. Hinton,Alexandra H. Chau,L. A. Kim,Roger D. Kamm +8 more
TL;DR: Finite element simulations of fluid–solid interactions were used to investigate inter-individual variations in flow dynamics and wall mechanics at the carotid artery bifurcation, and its effects on atherogenesis, in three healthy humans, providing further evidence that significant intra-subject variability exists in those factors thought to impact atherosclerosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Probing nanoparticle translocation across the permeable endothelium in experimental atherosclerosis
YongTae Kim,Mark E. Lobatto,Tomohiro Kawahara,Bomy Lee Chung,Aneta J. Mieszawska,Brenda L. Sanchez-Gaytan,Francois Fay,Max L. Senders,Claudia Calcagno,Jacob R. Becraft,May Tun Saung,Ronald E. Gordon,Erik S.G. Stroes,Mingming Ma,Omid C. Farokhzad,Zahi A. Fayad,Willem J. M. Mulder,Robert Langer +17 more
TL;DR: It is shown that an endothelialized microfluidic chip with controllable permeability can serve as a model for nanoparticle translocation across the permeable endothelium, and that the translocation of lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles across the atherosclerotic endothelia is dependent on microvascular permeability.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Atherosclerosis — An Inflammatory Disease
TL;DR: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease as discussed by the authors, and it is a major cause of death in the United States, Europe, and much of Asia, despite changes in lifestyle and use of new pharmacologic approaches to lower plasma cholesterol concentrations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that relaxation of isolated preparations of rabbit thoracic aorta and other blood vessels by ACh requires the presence of endothelial cells, and that ACh, acting on muscarinic receptors of these cells, stimulates release of a substance(s) that causes relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vascular endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that NO can be synthesized from L-arginine by porcine aortic endothelial cells in culture and the strict substrate specificity of this reaction suggests that L- arginine is the precursor for NO synthesis in vascular endothelium cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (1).
TL;DR: The two hypotheses to explain the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the "incrustation" hypothesis and the "lipid" hypothesis, are now known.