Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Acoustic behavior of microbubbles and implications for drug delivery
TL;DR: Phenomena relevant to drug delivery, such as non-spherical oscillations, shear stress, microstreaming, and jetting will be reviewed from both a theoretical and experimental perspective.
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High Wall Shear Stress and Spatial Gradients in Vascular Pathology: A Review
TL;DR: Understanding EC responses to high WSS alone and in combination with WSSG will provide insight into not only aneurysm formation, but also plaque destabilization and other vascular pathologies and potentially lead to improved strategies for disease management and novel targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Flow and adhesion of drug carriers in blood vessels depend on their shape: A study using model synthetic microvascular networks
Nishit Doshi,Balabhaskar Prabhakarpandian,Angela Rea-Ramsey,Kapil Pant,Shivshankar Sundaram,Samir Mitragotri +5 more
TL;DR: Introduction of a bifurcation as opposed to the commonly used linear channel resulted in significantly different flow and adhesion behaviors, which may have important implications in correlating these results to in vivo behavior.
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Reconstruction of carotid bifurcation hemodynamics and wall thickness using computational fluid dynamics and MRI.
David A. Steinman,David A. Steinman,Jonathan B. Thomas,Jonathan B. Thomas,Hanif M. Ladak,Hanif M. Ladak,Jaques S. Milner,Brian K. Rutt,Brian K. Rutt,J. David Spence,J. David Spence +10 more
TL;DR: These findings represent the first direct comparison of hemodynamic variables and wall thickness at the carotid bifurcation of human subjects and make it ideal for carrying out future prospective studies of hemodynamics and plaque development or progression in otherwise healthy subjects.
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Transforming growth factor-β in stem cells and tissue homeostasis.
TL;DR: The ways in which temporal and spatial activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a multi-functional signaling molecule, are needed for proper tissue development and regulation of stem cells throughout the body are reviewed.
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