Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Variation in the carotid bifurcation geometry of young versus older adults: implications for geometric risk of atherosclerosis.
Jonathan B. Thomas,Luca Antiga,Susan L. Che,Jaques S. Milner,Dolores A. Steinman,J. David Spence,Brian K. Rutt,David A. Steinman +7 more
TL;DR: The finding of more modest interindividual variations in young adults suggests that, if there is a geometric risk for atherosclerosis, its early detection may prove challenging.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vascular endothelial responses to altered shear stress: pathologic implications for atherosclerosis.
TL;DR: Current findings on the effects of shear stress on ECs are summarized in terms of their signal transduction, gene expression, structure, and function to understand the pathophysiological effects of altered shear Stress associated with atherosclerosis and thrombosis and their complications.
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Mechanical Force-Triggered Drug Delivery.
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Cholesterol in the retina: the best is yet to come
TL;DR: This review summarizes physico-chemical properties of cholesterol, its distribution in the human body, general principles of maintenance and metabolism, and differences in cholesterol handling in human and mouse that impact on experimental approaches and concludes with recommendations for the most important research steps towards delineating the cholesterol-AMD link.
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Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging measurements in intracranial aneurysms in vivo of flow patterns, velocity fields, and wall shear stress: comparison with computational fluid dynamics.
Loic Boussel,Loic Boussel,Vitaliy L. Rayz,Alastair J. Martin,Gabriel Acevedo-Bolton,Michael T. Lawton,Randall T. Higashida,Wade S. Smith,William L. Young,David Saloner,David Saloner +10 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that 7D‐MRV can be used in vivo to measure velocity flow fields and for estimating MSS and WSS, however, this method cannot accurately quantify the latter two parameters.
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