Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Vertebral artery dominance contributes to basilar artery curvature and peri-vertebrobasilar junctional infarcts
TL;DR: Unequal VA flow is an important haemodynamic contributor of BA curvature and development of peri-vertebrobasilar junctional infarcts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of fluctuating velocities in disturbed cardiovascular blood flow: In vivo feasibility of generalized phase-contrast MRI
Petter Dyverfeldt,John-Peder Escobar Kvitting,Andreas Sigfridsson,Jan Engvall,Ann F. Bolger,Ann F. Bolger,Tino Ebbers +6 more
TL;DR: To evaluate the feasibility of generalized phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC‐MRI) for the noninvasive assessment of fluctuating velocities in cardiovascular blood flow, a large number of animals were studied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impaired shear stress-induced nitric oxide production through decreased NOS phosphorylation contributes to age-related vascular stiffness
Kevin G. Soucy,Sungwoo Ryoo,Alexandre M. Benjo,Hyun Kyo Lim,Hyun Kyo Lim,Gaurav Gupta,Jayson S. Sohi,Jeremy Elser,Miguel A. Aon,Daniel Nyhan,Artin A. Shoukas,Dan E. Berkowitz +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aging on shear stress-inducible arteries were investigated, showing that increased arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction contribute to multiple vascular diseases and are hallmarks of cardiovascular aging.
Journal ArticleDOI
Disturbed flow in radial-cephalic arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis: low and oscillating shear stress locates the sites of stenosis
TL;DR: It is concluded that even when exposed to high flow rates, there are spot regions along the AVF exposed to athero-prone shear stress that favour vessel stenosis by triggering IH.
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Abdominal aortic hemodynamics in young healthy adults at rest and during lower limb exercise: quantification using image-based computer modeling.
Beverly T. Tang,Christopher P. Cheng,Mary T. Draney,Nathan M. Wilson,Philip S. Tsao,Robert J. Herfkens,Charles A. Taylor +6 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis that exercise provides localized benefits to the cardiovascular system through acute mechanical stimuli that trigger longer-term biological processes leading to protection against the development or progression of atherosclerosis is supported.
References
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