Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Carotid-Wall Intima–Media Thickness and Cardiovascular Events
Joseph F. Polak,Michael J. Pencina,Karol M. Pencina,Christopher J. O'Donnell,Philip A. Wolf,Ralph B. D'Agostino +5 more
TL;DR: Only the maximum intima-media thickness of (and presence of plaque in) the internal carotid artery significantly improves the classification of risk of cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study cohort.
Journal ArticleDOI
High WSS or Low WSS? Complex Interactions of Hemodynamics with Intracranial Aneurysm Initiation, Growth, and Rupture: Toward a Unifying Hypothesis
TL;DR: It is proposed that the “high-versus-low wall shear stress” controversy is a manifestation of the complexity of aneurysm pathophysiology, and both high and low wallShear stress can drive intracranial aneurYSm growth and rupture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic-morphologic discriminants for intracranial aneurysm rupture.
Jianping Xiang,Sabareesh K. Natarajan,Markus Tremmel,Ding Ma,J Mocco,L. Nelson Hopkins,Adnan H. Siddiqui,Elad I. Levy,Hui Meng +8 more
TL;DR: Hemodynamics is as important as morphology in discriminating aneurysm rupture status with high AUC values, and all 3 models—morphological only, hemodynamic only, and combined—discriminate intracranial aneurYSm rupturestatus with highAUC values.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coronary Artery Wall Shear Stress Is Associated With Progression and Transformation of Atherosclerotic Plaque and Arterial Remodeling in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Habib Samady,Parham Eshtehardi,Michael C. McDaniel,Jin Suo,Saurabh S. Dhawan,Charles Maynard,Lucas H. Timmins,Arshed A. Quyyumi,Don P. Giddens +8 more
TL;DR: Low-WSS segments in patients with coronary artery disease develop greater plaque and necrotic core progression and constrictive remodeling, and high-W SS segments develop greater nec rotic core and calcium progression, regression of fibrous and fibrofatty tissue, and excessive expansive remodelling, suggestive of transformation to a more vulnerable phenotype.
Journal ArticleDOI
4D flow MRI
TL;DR: This review intends to introduce currently used 4D flow MRI methods, including Cartesian and radial data acquisition, approaches for acceleratedData acquisition, cardiac gating, and respiration control, and an overview over the potential this new imaging technique has in different parts of the body from the head to the peripheral arteries.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Atherosclerosis — An Inflammatory Disease
TL;DR: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease as discussed by the authors, and it is a major cause of death in the United States, Europe, and much of Asia, despite changes in lifestyle and use of new pharmacologic approaches to lower plasma cholesterol concentrations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that relaxation of isolated preparations of rabbit thoracic aorta and other blood vessels by ACh requires the presence of endothelial cells, and that ACh, acting on muscarinic receptors of these cells, stimulates release of a substance(s) that causes relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vascular endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that NO can be synthesized from L-arginine by porcine aortic endothelial cells in culture and the strict substrate specificity of this reaction suggests that L- arginine is the precursor for NO synthesis in vascular endothelium cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (1).
TL;DR: The two hypotheses to explain the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the "incrustation" hypothesis and the "lipid" hypothesis, are now known.