Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Low‐pressure environment and remodelling of the forearm vein in Brescia–Cimino haemodialysis access
TL;DR: The increased circumferential stress resulting from the flow-mediated dilatation rather than the elevation of blood pressure appears to represent the main contributing factor to the eccentric hypertrophy of the venous limb of Brescia-Cimino haemodialysis access.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Atherosclerosis Phenotypes in Men and Women: Heritability of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the Framingham Heart Study
Caroline S. Fox,Joseph F. Polak,Irmarie Chazaro,Adrienne Cupples,Philip A. Wolf,R. D'Agostino,Christopher J. O'Donnell +6 more
TL;DR: These data suggest that a substantial proportion of the variability in carotid IMT is explained by genetic factors, and further studies of genetic linkage and candidate gene association are warranted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance phase contrast imaging
Krishna S. Nayak,Jon-Fredrik Nielsen,Matt A. Bernstein,Michael Markl,Peter D. Gatehouse,René M. Botnar,David Saloner,Christine H. Lorenz,Han Wen,Bob S. Hu,Frederick H. Epstein,John N. Oshinski,Subha V. Raman +12 more
TL;DR: The current state-of-the-art in CMR phase contrast imaging methodology, clinical applications including summaries of past clinical performance, and emerging research and clinical applications that utilize today’s latest technology are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamics of cerebral aneurysm initiation: the role of wall shear stress and spatial wall shear stress gradient.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the hemodynamic microenvironment related to aneurysm initiation at certain arterial segments later developing an abdominal aureysm and found that the combination of high WSS and high positive SWSSG focused on a small segment of the arterial wall may have a role in the initiation process of anoreysm formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics modeling of alterations in coronary wall shear stress produced by stent implantation.
John F. LaDisa,Ismail Guler,Lars E. Olson,Douglas A. Hettrick,Douglas A. Hettrick,Judy R. Kersten,David C. Warltier,Paul S. Pagel,Paul S. Pagel +8 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis that stent geometry may be a risk factor for restenosis by affecting local wall shear stress distributions is supported and alterations in wall shears caused by a slotted-tube stent are depicted.
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