Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Inlet Conditions for Image-Based CFD Models of the Carotid Bifurcation: Is it Reasonable to Assume Fully Developed Flow?
TL;DR: It is concluded that given a sufficient entrance length of realistic geometry, simplification to fully developed axial flow may be made without penalty, and effort be given to more accurate and detailed geometric reconstructions, as being of primary influence on physiologically significant indicators.
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Endothelial responses to mechanical stress: where is the mechanosensor?
Mir H. Ali,Paul T. Schumacker +1 more
TL;DR: Many responses are initiated in cells subjected to mechanical deformation, including alterations in ion channel conductance, activation of signal transduction pathways, and altered expression of specific genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiovascular disease models: A game changing paradigm in drug discovery and screening
Houman Savoji,Houman Savoji,Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi,Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi,Naimeh Rafatian,Masood Khaksar Toroghi,Erika Yan Wang,Yimu Zhao,Anastasia Korolj,Samad Ahadian,Milica Radisic,Milica Radisic +11 more
TL;DR: Current in vitro, in vivo, and in silico platforms for modelling healthy and pathological cardiac tissues and their advantages and disadvantages for drug screening and discovery applications are described and a roadmap for employing these non-animal platforms in assessing drug cardiotoxicity and safety is suggested.
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Stent design properties and deployment ratio influence indexes of wall shear stress: a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics investigation within a normal artery
John F. LaDisa,Lars E. Olson,Ismail Guler,Douglas A. Hettrick,Said H. Audi,Judy R. Kersten,David C. Warltier,Paul S. Pagel +7 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that stent designs that reduce strut number and thickness are less likely to subject the vessel to distributions of WSS associated with neointimal hyperplasia.
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Nestin as a Marker for Proliferative Endothelium in Gliomas
Kenichi Sugawara,Hideyuki Kurihara,Mitsuko Negishi,Nobuhito Saito,Yoichi Nakazato,Tomio Sasaki,Toshiyuki Takeuchi +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that nestin is not only a marker for neuroepithelial stem cells and glioma cells but also for tumor endothelial cells during rapid growth.
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