Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
In vivo wall shear stress distribution in the carotid artery: effect of bifurcation geometry, internal carotid artery stenosis, and recanalization therapy.
Michael Markl,Felix Wegent,Timo Zech,Simon Bauer,Christoph Strecker,Martin Schumacher,Cornelius Weiller,Jürgen Hennig,Andreas Harloff +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the in vivo distribution of absolute wall shear stress (WSSabs) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) in the carotid bifurcation and evaluated its dependence on bifurlcation geometry, the presence of internal Carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, and recanalization therapy.
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The LINC-anchored actin cap connects the extracellular milieu to the nucleus for ultrafast mechanotransduction
Allison B Chambliss,Shyam B. Khatau,Nicholas Erdenberger,D. Kyle Robinson,Didier Hodzic,Gregory D. Longmore,Gregory D. Longmore,Denis Wirtz +7 more
TL;DR: This work shows that only a small subset of actin fibers, those forming the perinuclear actin cap that wraps around the nucleus, form in response to low physiological mechanical stresses in adherent fibroblasts, and identifies additional roles for lamin A/C of the nuclear lamina and linkers of nucleus to cytoskeleton (LINC) molecules nesprin2giant and nesPRin3, which anchor actincap fibers to the nucleus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Imaging the vulnerable plaque.
David Vancraeynest,Agnes Pasquet,Véronique Roelants,Bernhard Gerber,Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde +4 more
TL;DR: An overview of the currently available invasive and noninvasive imaging modalities used to detect vulnerable plaques is provided and the upcoming challenges in translating these techniques into clinical practice and in assigning them their exact place in the decision-making process are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Defining Physiological Normoxia for Improved Translation of Cell Physiology to Animal Models and Humans
TL;DR: This review aims to address the current understanding of tissue Po2 distribution in vivo and summarize the attempts made to replicate these conditions in vitro, and provide the framework for researchers to undertake cell culture under O2 levels relevant to specific tissues and organs.
Journal ArticleDOI
MRI measurement of time-resolved wall shear stress vectors in a carotid bifurcation model, and comparison with CFD predictions.
Panorea Papathanasopoulou,Shunzhi Zhao,Uwe Köhler,Malcolm B. Robertson,Quan Long,Peter R. Hoskins,X. Yun Xu,Ian Marshall +7 more
TL;DR: To study pulsatile fluid flow in a physiologically realistic model of the human carotid bifurcation, and to derive wall shear stress (WSS) vectors.
References
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