Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Association of wall shear stress with intracranial aneurysm rupture: systematic review and meta-analysis.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that decreased local WSS may be an important predictive parameter of IA rupture, and pooled analyses across 14 studies with low WSS showed significantly lower mean WSS in the ruptured group.
Journal ArticleDOI
Endothelial cells express a unique transcriptional profile under very high wall shear stress known to induce expansive arterial remodeling
TL;DR: Gene ontology and biological pathway analysis revealed that high WSS modulated gene expression in ways that promote an anti-coagulant, anti-inflammatory, proliferative, and promatrix remodeling phenotype in ECs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of gold nanoparticles toxicity towards human endothelial cells under static and flow conditions.
Caterina Fede,Ilaria Fortunati,Verena Weber,Nicola Rossetto,Federico Bertasi,Lucia Petrelli,Diego Guidolin,Raffaella Signorini,Raffaele De Caro,Giovanna Albertin,Camilla Ferrante +10 more
TL;DR: Comparison between experiments run in multiwells and in microfluidic device plays a pivotal role for the investigation of nanoparticle-cell interaction and toxicity assessment, and showed that administration of equal concentrations of Au NPs under flow conditions resulted in a reduced sedimentation of nanoparticles aggregates onto the cells and lower cytotoxicity with respect to experimentsRun in ordinary static conditions (multiwells).
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of ultrasonic shear rate estimation errors in assessing inflammatory response and vascular risk.
TL;DR: A new noninvasive ultrasonic method implemented with coded excitation techniques was utilized to improve WSS estimation accuracy and precision by providing high spatial and temporal resolution and quantified the impact of relating shear-mediated cellular adhesion molecule expression to inaccuracies in WSS measurements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of inlet boundary conditions on the local haemodynamics of intracranial aneurysms
TL;DR: The study shows that assumptions made on the velocity profile while specifying inlet boundary conditions have little influence on the local haemodynamics in the aneurysm, provided that a sufficient extension of the afferent vasculature is considered and that geometry is the primary determinant of the flow field within theAneurismal sac.
References
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