Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of CMR-derived haemodynamic data in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Michal Schäfer,Michal Schäfer,D. Dunbar Ivy,Alex J. Barker,Vitaly O. Kheyfets,Robin Shandas,Steven H. Abman,Kendall S. Hunter,Kendall S. Hunter,Uyen Truong,Uyen Truong +10 more
TL;DR: Wall shear stress, the principal haemodynamic force driving endothelial functional changes, is severely decreased in paediatric PAH patients and correlates with increased stiffness in the proximal pulmonary vasculature and reduced RV function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Endothelial nitric oxide production and transport in flow chambers: The importance of convection.
TL;DR: A computational model of Nitric Oxide (NO) production and transport within a parallel-plate flow chamber coated with endothelial cells is presented, highlighting the role of convection on NO transport within flow chambers, which has been overlooked or misinterpreted in most previous theoretical studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Co-registration of the distribution of wall shear stress and 140 complex plaques of the aorta
Michael Markl,Stefanie M. Brendecke,Jan C. Simon,Alex J. Barker,Cornelius Weiller,Andreas Harloff +5 more
TL;DR: While WSS and OSI showed expected changes in patients compared to healthy controls, their distribution pattern at complex plaques indicated a more complex and heterogeneous relationship than previously anticipated.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the characterization of a non-Newtonian blood analog and its response to pulsatile flow downstream of a simplified stenosis.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the xanthan gum elastic polymer prolongs flow stabilization, which in turn emphasizes the importance of non-Newtonian blood characteristics on the resulting flow patterns in such cardiovascular environments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Utility of Multimodality Intravascular Imaging and the Local Hemodynamic Forces to Predict Atherosclerotic Disease Progression
Christos V Bourantas,Lorenz Räber,Antonis I. Sakellarios,Yashusi Ueki,Thomas Zanchin,Konstantinos C. Koskinas,Kyohei Yamaji,Masanori Taniwaki,Dik Heg,Maria D. Radu,Michail I. Papafaklis,Fanis G. Kalatzis,Katerina K. Naka,Dimitrios I. Fotiadis,Anthony Mathur,Patrick W. Serruys,Lampros K. Michalis,Hector M. Garcia-Garcia,Alexios Karagiannis,Stephan Windecker +19 more
TL;DR: ESS and OCT-derived variables did not improve the efficacy of IVUS in predicting disease progression and further research is required to investigate whether multimodality imaging combined with ESS mapping will allow more reliable vulnerable plaque detection.
References
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Atherosclerosis — An Inflammatory Disease
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Journal ArticleDOI
The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (1).
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