Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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It takes more than two to tango: mechanosignaling of the endothelial surface.
TL;DR: This review aims to describe the known mechanosensitive structures of the vessel building a bridge between the important role of physiological mechanosignaling and the proper vascular function.
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Revisiting Hartert's 1962 Calculation of the Physical Constants of Thrombelastography.
Gerald Hochleitner,Ken Sutor,Caroline Levett,Harald Leyser,Christoph J. Schlimp,Cristina Solomon,Cristina Solomon +6 more
TL;DR: The TEG and ROTEM are valuable coagulation assessment tools that provide an evaluation of the viscoelastic properties of a clot, not through measuring absolute viscoELastic forces but through continuous reading of the clot amplitude relative to an arbitrary, preset scale.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of the in vivo wall shear stress environment of human fetus umbilical arteries and veins
TL;DR: Detailed characterization of the umbilical vascular WSS environments using clinical ultrasound scans combined with computational simulations showed that blood flow velocity for umbilicals artery and vein did not correlate with vascular sizes, suggesting that velocity had a very weak trend with or remained constant over vascular sizes.
Journal ArticleDOI
A framework for computational fluid dynamic analyses of patient-specific stented coronary arteries from optical coherence tomography images
Susanna Migliori,Claudio Chiastra,Marco Bologna,Eros Montin,Gabriele Dubini,Cristina Aurigemma,Roberto Fedele,Francesco Burzotta,Luca Mainardi,Francesco Migliavacca +9 more
TL;DR: In this study, an OCT-based reconstruction method was developed for the execution of CFD simulations of patient-specific coronary artery models which include the actual geometry of the implanted stent, demonstrating a great potential for patient- specific investigations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reproducibility of wall shear stress assessment with the paraboloid method in the internal carotid artery with velocity encoded MRI in healthy young individuals
Frieke M.A. Box,Rob J. van der Geest,Jeroen van der Grond,Matthias J.P. van Osch,Aeilko H. Zwinderman,Inge H. Palm-Meinders,Joost Doornbos,Gerard-Jan Blauw,Mark A. van Buchem,Johan H. C. Reiber +9 more
TL;DR: To verify whether wall shear stress (WSS) can be assessed in a reproducible manner using automatic model‐based segmentation of phase‐contrast MR images by determination of flow volume and maximum flow velocity in cross‐sections of these vessels, a model based segmentation approach is used.
References
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Atherosclerosis — An Inflammatory Disease
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Journal ArticleDOI
The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (1).
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