Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.
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TLDR
The functional regulation of the endothelium by local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help guide future therapeutic strategies.Abstract:
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and
nearly the leading cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic
risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
mellitus, among others. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis remains a geometrically
focal disease, preferentially affecting the outer edges of vessel bifurcations.
In these predisposed areas, hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force
acting on the endothelial cell surface as a result of blood flow, is weaker
than in protected regions. Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress
as an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Arterial-level
shear stress (>15 dyne/cm2) induces endothelial quiescence and
an atheroprotective gene expression profile, while low shear stress (<4
dyne/cm2), which is prevalent at atherosclerosis-prone sites, stimulates
an atherogenic phenotype. The functional regulation of the endothelium by
local hemodynamic shear stress provides a model for understanding the focal
propensity of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic factors and may help
guide future therapeutic strategies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Flow patterns in three-dimensional porcine epicardial coronary arterial tree.
TL;DR: A detailed hemodynamic analysis using a three-dimensional finite element method in a left anterior descending epicardial arterial tree, including main trunk and primary branches, based on computed tomography scans found that low WSS and high OSI coincide with disturbed flows opposite to the flow divider and lateral to the junction orifice of the main trunkand primary branches.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carotid geometry effects on blood flow and on risk for vascular disease.
TL;DR: It was found that the bifurcation angle and the out-of-plane angle of the internal carotid artery affect the formation of low stress regions on thecarotid walls, increasing the risk of plaque build-up.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of extremely low shear stress on cellular proliferation and neointimal thickening in the failing bypass graft.
Shari L. Meyerson,Christopher L. Skelly,Michael A. Curi,Umar M. Shakur,James Vosicky,Seymour Glagov,Thomas Christen,Giulio Gabbiani,Lewis B. Schwartz +8 more
TL;DR: Extremely low tau (< 2 dyne/cm(2)) stimulates high rates of smooth muscle cellular proliferation in arterialized vein patches and results in NIT beyond that predicted by a simple linear correlation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Outflow Conditions for Image-Based Hemodynamic Models of the Carotid Bifurcation: Implications for Indicators of Abnormal Flow
Umberto Morbiducci,Diego Gallo,Diana Nada Caterina Massai,Filippo Consolo,Raffaele Ponzini,Luca Antiga,Cristina Bignardi,Marco Agostino Deriu,Alberto Redaelli +8 more
TL;DR: The findings underscore that the overall effect of the assumptions done in order to simulate blood flow within the carotid bifurcation is mainly in the hot-spot modulation of the hemodynamic descriptors of atherosusceptible areas, rather than in their distribution.
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Hemorheology and vascular control mechanisms.
TL;DR: Multiple pathways by which hemorheological changes can affect vascular resistance help to explain the continuing difficulty of predicting correlations between in vivo and ex vivo hemorrhheological behavior and suggest the need for continued experimental studies in this area.
References
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