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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Organization and Ca2+ Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclases in cAMP Microdomains

Debbie Willoughby, +1 more
- 01 Jul 2007 - 
- Vol. 87, Iss: 3, pp 965-1010
TLDR
The regulation of many of the ACs by the ubiquitous second messenger Ca(2+) provides an overarching mechanism for integrating the activities of these two major signaling systems, and cAMP will exhibit distinct kinetics in discrete cellular domains.
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclases are variously regulated by G protein subunits, a number of serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases, and Ca2+. In some physiological situations, this regulation can be re...

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Citations
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Principles of c-di-GMP signalling in bacteria.

TL;DR: This Review focuses on emerging principles of c-di-GMP signalling using selected systems in different bacteria as examples.
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A Coupled SYSTEM of Intracellular Ca2+ Clocks and Surface Membrane Voltage Clocks Controls the Timekeeping Mechanism of the Heart’s Pacemaker

TL;DR: Evidence is examined that forms the basis of this coupled-clock system concept in cardiac SANCs, where G protein-coupled receptors signaling creates pacemaker flexibility, ie, effects changes in the rhythmic action potential firing rate, by impacting on these very same factors that regulate robust basal coupled- clock system function.
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Caveolae as Organizers of Pharmacologically Relevant Signal Transduction Molecules

TL;DR: The role of Caveolae/caveolin in cardiac and pulmonary pathophysiology, pharmacologic implications of caveolar localization of signaling molecules, and the possibility that caveolae might serve as a therapeutic target are reviewed.
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Underpinning compartmentalised cAMP signalling through targeted cAMP breakdown

TL;DR: Genes for these important regulatory enzymes are linked to schizophrenia, stroke and asthma, thus indicating the therapeutic potential that selective inhibitors could have as anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant and cognitive enhancer agents.
Journal ArticleDOI

Physiological roles for G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase isoforms: insights from knockout and overexpression studies.

TL;DR: The latest on AC knockout and overexpression studies are explored to better understand the roles of G protein regulation of ACs in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Protein Kinase C and Epidermal Growth Factor Stimulation of Raf1 Potentiates Adenylyl Cyclase Type 6 Activation in Intact Cells

TL;DR: Raf1 potentiates drug-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in cells expressing AC6 after activation of multiple signaling pathways, and epidermal growth factor receptor activation also enhances AC6 signaling in a Raf1-dependent manner.
Journal ArticleDOI

The effects of Ca2+ and calmodulin on adenylyl cyclase activity in plasma membranes derived from neural and non-neural cells.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the effects exerted by physiologic concentrations of Ca2+ on adenylyl cyclase activity range from CaM-dependent stimulation of activity to no effect, toCaM-independent inhibition of activity, which are major contributors to the various synergistic or antagonistic interactions between cAMP-generating and Ca(2+)-mobilizing systems.
Journal ArticleDOI

Characterisation of Human Adenylyl Cyclase IX Reveals Inhibition by Ca2+/Calcineurin and Differential mRNA Plyadenylation

TL;DR: The data show that human ACIX is a Ca2+/calcineurin‐inhibited adenylyl cyclase prominently expressed in vital organs, including brain, heart, and pancreas, and post‐transcriptional regulation of ACIX gene expression is a species‐specific control mechanism that may enhance the versatility of cyclic AMP signalling in humans.
Journal ArticleDOI

Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase in excitable and nonexcitable cells.

TL;DR: The regulatory mechanisms of calcium pump activity have been studied extensively, resulting in a new view of the functioning of this important molecule in the membranes, and differences in the structure and localization of PMCA variants are thought to correlate with specific regulatory properties and may have consequences for proper cellular Ca2+ signaling.
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