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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Organization and Ca2+ Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclases in cAMP Microdomains

Debbie Willoughby, +1 more
- 01 Jul 2007 - 
- Vol. 87, Iss: 3, pp 965-1010
TLDR
The regulation of many of the ACs by the ubiquitous second messenger Ca(2+) provides an overarching mechanism for integrating the activities of these two major signaling systems, and cAMP will exhibit distinct kinetics in discrete cellular domains.
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclases are variously regulated by G protein subunits, a number of serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases, and Ca2+. In some physiological situations, this regulation can be re...

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3D Biofabrication Using Living Cells for Applications in Biohybrid Sensors and Actuators

TL;DR: By incorporating the functional cells into artificial devices/chips, the cell-based biohybrid approaches can be applied to create portable odorant sensors with high sensitivity and to create biohybrids muscle actuators for applications in both drug screening and soft robotics.
Journal ArticleDOI

NUCLEAR RECEPTORS: Nuclear receptors

TL;DR: The Fifth Edition of the ‘Guide to Receptors and Channels’ is a compilation of the major pharmacological targets divided into seven sections, presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside suggestions for further reading.
Journal ArticleDOI

Activator of G protein signaling 3 forms a complex with resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase-8A without promoting nucleotide exchange on Gα(i3).

TL;DR: Co-immunoprecipitation assays indicate that full-length AGS3 and its N- and C-terminal truncated mutants can interact with Ric-8A in HEK293 cells, and Yeast two-hybrid assay confirmed that Ric-9A can directly bind to AGs3S, a short form of AGS 3 which is endogenously expressed in heart.
Journal ArticleDOI

The C1 homodimer of adenylyl cyclase binds nucleotides with high affinity but possesses exceedingly low catalytic activity.

TL;DR: The C1 homodimer of AC binds nucleotides with high affinity, but exhibits only exceedingly low catalytic activity, which may constitute a mechanism by which in intact cells dimeric AC molecules exhibit a high signal-to-noise ratio upon stimulation by receptor agonists.
Journal ArticleDOI

Membrane rafts regulate sperm acrosome reaction via cAMP-dependent pathway in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that membrane rafts play an important role in AR induction by regulating the cAMPdependent pathway and that they provide a mechanistic insight into membrane regulation of AR and sperm function in birds.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Lipid rafts and signal transduction

TL;DR: It is now becoming clear that lipid micro-environments on the cell surface — known as lipid rafts — also take part in this process of signalling transduction, where protein–protein interactions result in the activation of signalling cascades.
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Store-operated calcium channels.

TL;DR: The key electrophysiological features of I(CRAC) and other store-operated Ca(2+) currents and how they are regulated are described, and recent advances that have shed insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in this ubiquitous and vital Ca( 2+) entry pathway are considered.
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Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: functional implications of multiple isoforms

TL;DR: This article reviews many of the more important aspects about the structure, cellular localization, and regulation of each family of phosphodiesterases and places particular emphasis on new information obtained in the last few years about how differential expression andregulation of individual phosphodiesters relate to their function(s) in the body.
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The role of hormone receptors and GTP-regulatory proteins in membrane transduction

TL;DR: Cell membrane receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters form oligomeric complexes with GTP-regulatory proteins and inhibit the latter from reacting with G TP, and this theory may apply generally to membrane signal transduction involving surface receptors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Lipid Rafts: Elusive or Illusive?

TL;DR: There has been considerable recent interest in the possibility that the plasma membrane contains lipid "rafts," microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, and it seems that a definitive proof of raft existence has yet to be obtained.
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