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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Organization and Ca2+ Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclases in cAMP Microdomains

Debbie Willoughby, +1 more
- 01 Jul 2007 - 
- Vol. 87, Iss: 3, pp 965-1010
TLDR
The regulation of many of the ACs by the ubiquitous second messenger Ca(2+) provides an overarching mechanism for integrating the activities of these two major signaling systems, and cAMP will exhibit distinct kinetics in discrete cellular domains.
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclases are variously regulated by G protein subunits, a number of serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases, and Ca2+. In some physiological situations, this regulation can be re...

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Citations
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Principles of c-di-GMP signalling in bacteria.

TL;DR: This Review focuses on emerging principles of c-di-GMP signalling using selected systems in different bacteria as examples.
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A Coupled SYSTEM of Intracellular Ca2+ Clocks and Surface Membrane Voltage Clocks Controls the Timekeeping Mechanism of the Heart’s Pacemaker

TL;DR: Evidence is examined that forms the basis of this coupled-clock system concept in cardiac SANCs, where G protein-coupled receptors signaling creates pacemaker flexibility, ie, effects changes in the rhythmic action potential firing rate, by impacting on these very same factors that regulate robust basal coupled- clock system function.
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Caveolae as Organizers of Pharmacologically Relevant Signal Transduction Molecules

TL;DR: The role of Caveolae/caveolin in cardiac and pulmonary pathophysiology, pharmacologic implications of caveolar localization of signaling molecules, and the possibility that caveolae might serve as a therapeutic target are reviewed.
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Underpinning compartmentalised cAMP signalling through targeted cAMP breakdown

TL;DR: Genes for these important regulatory enzymes are linked to schizophrenia, stroke and asthma, thus indicating the therapeutic potential that selective inhibitors could have as anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant and cognitive enhancer agents.
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Physiological roles for G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase isoforms: insights from knockout and overexpression studies.

TL;DR: The latest on AC knockout and overexpression studies are explored to better understand the roles of G protein regulation of ACs in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Adenylate cyclases: critical foci in neuronal signaling

TL;DR: Findings greatly expand knowledge of the potential role of this archetypical signaling system in the modulation of neuronal function.
Journal ArticleDOI

Crosstalk between cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in non-excitable cells.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the predominant molecular loci at which these classical signaling systems interact to impact the spatio-temporal pattern of [Ca2+](i) signaling in non-excitable cells.
Journal ArticleDOI

Gravin-mediated Formation of Signaling Complexes in β2-Adrenergic Receptor Desensitization and Resensitization

TL;DR: Data reveal that gravin-mediated formation of signaling complexes with protein kinases/phosphatases, β-arrestin, and clathrin is essential in agonist-induced internalization and resensitization of G-protein-linked receptors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Inhibition by calcium of mammalian adenylyl cyclases.

TL;DR: The present results show that high and low affinity inhibition by Ca2+ can be clearly distinguished and that the inhibition occurs type-specifically in discrete adenylyl cyclases.
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