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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Organization and Ca2+ Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclases in cAMP Microdomains

Debbie Willoughby, +1 more
- 01 Jul 2007 - 
- Vol. 87, Iss: 3, pp 965-1010
TLDR
The regulation of many of the ACs by the ubiquitous second messenger Ca(2+) provides an overarching mechanism for integrating the activities of these two major signaling systems, and cAMP will exhibit distinct kinetics in discrete cellular domains.
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclases are variously regulated by G protein subunits, a number of serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases, and Ca2+. In some physiological situations, this regulation can be re...

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

PKA-independent activation of I(f) by cAMP in mouse sinoatrial myocytes.

TL;DR: PKA-dependent βAR-to-HCN signaling does not result from cAMP insensitivity of sinoatrial HCN channels and might instead arise via PKA- dependent limitation of cAMP production and/or cAMP access to HCn channels in SAMs.
Journal ArticleDOI

Second messenger networks for accurate growth cone guidance.

TL;DR: This review examines how signal specification and amplification can be achieved inside the growth cone by multiple second messenger signaling pathways activated downstream of guidance cues, including the calcium ion, cyclic nucleotide, and phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI

HIV-1 Nef Impairs the Formation of Calcium Membrane Territories Controlling the Signaling Nanoarchitecture at the Immunological Synapse.

TL;DR: The results indicate that HIV-1 exploits the interconnectivity among vesicle traffic, Ca2+ membrane territories, and signaling nanoclusters to modulate T cell signaling and function.
Journal ArticleDOI

Adenylyl cyclase/cAMP-PKA-mediated phosphorylation of basal L-type Ca(2+) channels in mouse embryonic ventricular myocytes.

TL;DR: The high basal level of LTCC phosphorylation is due to the high intrinsic PKA activity and the high intrinsically AC activity at EDS, possibly owing to the little or no effect of Ca(2+) influx via LTCCs on AC activity, leading to the inability to inhibit AC.
Book ChapterDOI

Ca(2+) signalling by IP(3) receptors.

TL;DR: The assembly of IP(3)R into clusters are key features that allow IP(4,4,5-trisphosphate-induced signals to be delivered locally to specific target proteins or more globally to the entire cell.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Lipid rafts and signal transduction

TL;DR: It is now becoming clear that lipid micro-environments on the cell surface — known as lipid rafts — also take part in this process of signalling transduction, where protein–protein interactions result in the activation of signalling cascades.
Journal ArticleDOI

Store-operated calcium channels.

TL;DR: The key electrophysiological features of I(CRAC) and other store-operated Ca(2+) currents and how they are regulated are described, and recent advances that have shed insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in this ubiquitous and vital Ca( 2+) entry pathway are considered.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: functional implications of multiple isoforms

TL;DR: This article reviews many of the more important aspects about the structure, cellular localization, and regulation of each family of phosphodiesterases and places particular emphasis on new information obtained in the last few years about how differential expression andregulation of individual phosphodiesters relate to their function(s) in the body.
Journal ArticleDOI

The role of hormone receptors and GTP-regulatory proteins in membrane transduction

TL;DR: Cell membrane receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters form oligomeric complexes with GTP-regulatory proteins and inhibit the latter from reacting with G TP, and this theory may apply generally to membrane signal transduction involving surface receptors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Lipid Rafts: Elusive or Illusive?

TL;DR: There has been considerable recent interest in the possibility that the plasma membrane contains lipid "rafts," microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, and it seems that a definitive proof of raft existence has yet to be obtained.
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