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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Organization and Ca2+ Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclases in cAMP Microdomains

Debbie Willoughby, +1 more
- 01 Jul 2007 - 
- Vol. 87, Iss: 3, pp 965-1010
TLDR
The regulation of many of the ACs by the ubiquitous second messenger Ca(2+) provides an overarching mechanism for integrating the activities of these two major signaling systems, and cAMP will exhibit distinct kinetics in discrete cellular domains.
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclases are variously regulated by G protein subunits, a number of serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases, and Ca2+. In some physiological situations, this regulation can be re...

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Citations
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Principles of c-di-GMP signalling in bacteria.

TL;DR: This Review focuses on emerging principles of c-di-GMP signalling using selected systems in different bacteria as examples.
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A Coupled SYSTEM of Intracellular Ca2+ Clocks and Surface Membrane Voltage Clocks Controls the Timekeeping Mechanism of the Heart’s Pacemaker

TL;DR: Evidence is examined that forms the basis of this coupled-clock system concept in cardiac SANCs, where G protein-coupled receptors signaling creates pacemaker flexibility, ie, effects changes in the rhythmic action potential firing rate, by impacting on these very same factors that regulate robust basal coupled- clock system function.
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Caveolae as Organizers of Pharmacologically Relevant Signal Transduction Molecules

TL;DR: The role of Caveolae/caveolin in cardiac and pulmonary pathophysiology, pharmacologic implications of caveolar localization of signaling molecules, and the possibility that caveolae might serve as a therapeutic target are reviewed.
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Underpinning compartmentalised cAMP signalling through targeted cAMP breakdown

TL;DR: Genes for these important regulatory enzymes are linked to schizophrenia, stroke and asthma, thus indicating the therapeutic potential that selective inhibitors could have as anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant and cognitive enhancer agents.
Journal ArticleDOI

Physiological roles for G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase isoforms: insights from knockout and overexpression studies.

TL;DR: The latest on AC knockout and overexpression studies are explored to better understand the roles of G protein regulation of ACs in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Spatio-temporal dynamics of cyclic AMP signals in an intact neural circuit

TL;DR: The effect of several neuromodulators (octopamine, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin and proctolin) on cAMP distribution in identified neurons of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion was investigated using the cAMP-indicator dye FICRhR.
Journal ArticleDOI

Modification of the calcium and calmodulin sensitivity of the type I adenylyl cyclase by mutagenesis of its calmodulin binding domain

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the Ca2+ sensitivity of this enzyme can be modulated by point mutagenesis within the putative calmodulin binding domain and indicate that the enzyme can been directly regulated by Ca2- and cal modulin in vivo.

Phosphorylation of Snapin by PKA modulates its interaction with the

TL;DR: The results indicate that Snapin may be a PKA target for modulating transmitter release through the cAMP-dependent signal-transduction pathway.
Journal ArticleDOI

Calmodulin is a limiting factor in the cell.

TL;DR: A key conclusion is that competition for a limiting pool of CaM enables cross-talk between CaM-dependent signaling pathways, which is likely to impact signaling.
Journal ArticleDOI

Sensitivity of CaM kinase II to the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations: A simple model

TL;DR: A novel and simple model that quantitatively reproduces the experimentally demonstrated frequency sensitivity of CaMKII and is used to investigate the role of several characterized features of the kinase--as well as some that are not easily attainable by experiments--in its frequency-dependent responses.
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