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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Organization and Ca2+ Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclases in cAMP Microdomains

Debbie Willoughby, +1 more
- 01 Jul 2007 - 
- Vol. 87, Iss: 3, pp 965-1010
TLDR
The regulation of many of the ACs by the ubiquitous second messenger Ca(2+) provides an overarching mechanism for integrating the activities of these two major signaling systems, and cAMP will exhibit distinct kinetics in discrete cellular domains.
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclases are variously regulated by G protein subunits, a number of serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases, and Ca2+. In some physiological situations, this regulation can be re...

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Citations
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Principles of c-di-GMP signalling in bacteria.

TL;DR: This Review focuses on emerging principles of c-di-GMP signalling using selected systems in different bacteria as examples.
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A Coupled SYSTEM of Intracellular Ca2+ Clocks and Surface Membrane Voltage Clocks Controls the Timekeeping Mechanism of the Heart’s Pacemaker

TL;DR: Evidence is examined that forms the basis of this coupled-clock system concept in cardiac SANCs, where G protein-coupled receptors signaling creates pacemaker flexibility, ie, effects changes in the rhythmic action potential firing rate, by impacting on these very same factors that regulate robust basal coupled- clock system function.
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Caveolae as Organizers of Pharmacologically Relevant Signal Transduction Molecules

TL;DR: The role of Caveolae/caveolin in cardiac and pulmonary pathophysiology, pharmacologic implications of caveolar localization of signaling molecules, and the possibility that caveolae might serve as a therapeutic target are reviewed.
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Underpinning compartmentalised cAMP signalling through targeted cAMP breakdown

TL;DR: Genes for these important regulatory enzymes are linked to schizophrenia, stroke and asthma, thus indicating the therapeutic potential that selective inhibitors could have as anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant and cognitive enhancer agents.
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Physiological roles for G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase isoforms: insights from knockout and overexpression studies.

TL;DR: The latest on AC knockout and overexpression studies are explored to better understand the roles of G protein regulation of ACs in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart.
References
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Akap mediated signal transduction

TL;DR: The most recent advances in the understanding of the various biological functions dependent upon AKAP-anchored signaling complexes are detailed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Oscillations of cytosolic Ca2+ in pituitary cells due to action potentials.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that electrical activity can stimulate Ca2+-dependent functions in excitable non-neuronal cells and provide an explanation for basal secretory activity.
Journal ArticleDOI

Calcium-Calmodulin Modulation of the Olfactory Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channel

TL;DR: Study of the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-activated cation channel, which is modulated by calcium-calmodulin, indicates that calcium-Calmodulin directly binds to a specific domain on the amino terminus of the channel, revealing a control mechanism that resembles those underlying the regulation of enzymes by calmodulin.
Journal ArticleDOI

Structurally distinct and stage-specific adenylyl cyclase genes play different roles in Dictyostelium development.

TL;DR: Constitutive expression in aca- cells of either ACA or ACG, which is normally expressed only during germination, restores aggregation and the ability to complete the developmental program, demonstrating that cAMP is required for cell-cell communication.
Journal ArticleDOI

Monitoring dynamic changes in free Ca2+ concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum of intact cells.

TL;DR: It is shown that a Ca(2+)‐sensitive photoprotein, aequorin, can be addressed to defined subcellular compartments by adding the appropriate targeting sequences and that, after emptying the ER, Ca2+ is rapidly re‐accumulated up to concentrations of > 100 microM, thus consuming most of the reporter photop protein.
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