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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Organization and Ca2+ Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclases in cAMP Microdomains

Debbie Willoughby, +1 more
- 01 Jul 2007 - 
- Vol. 87, Iss: 3, pp 965-1010
TLDR
The regulation of many of the ACs by the ubiquitous second messenger Ca(2+) provides an overarching mechanism for integrating the activities of these two major signaling systems, and cAMP will exhibit distinct kinetics in discrete cellular domains.
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclases are variously regulated by G protein subunits, a number of serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases, and Ca2+. In some physiological situations, this regulation can be re...

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Citations
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Principles of c-di-GMP signalling in bacteria.

TL;DR: This Review focuses on emerging principles of c-di-GMP signalling using selected systems in different bacteria as examples.
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A Coupled SYSTEM of Intracellular Ca2+ Clocks and Surface Membrane Voltage Clocks Controls the Timekeeping Mechanism of the Heart’s Pacemaker

TL;DR: Evidence is examined that forms the basis of this coupled-clock system concept in cardiac SANCs, where G protein-coupled receptors signaling creates pacemaker flexibility, ie, effects changes in the rhythmic action potential firing rate, by impacting on these very same factors that regulate robust basal coupled- clock system function.
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Caveolae as Organizers of Pharmacologically Relevant Signal Transduction Molecules

TL;DR: The role of Caveolae/caveolin in cardiac and pulmonary pathophysiology, pharmacologic implications of caveolar localization of signaling molecules, and the possibility that caveolae might serve as a therapeutic target are reviewed.
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Underpinning compartmentalised cAMP signalling through targeted cAMP breakdown

TL;DR: Genes for these important regulatory enzymes are linked to schizophrenia, stroke and asthma, thus indicating the therapeutic potential that selective inhibitors could have as anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant and cognitive enhancer agents.
Journal ArticleDOI

Physiological roles for G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase isoforms: insights from knockout and overexpression studies.

TL;DR: The latest on AC knockout and overexpression studies are explored to better understand the roles of G protein regulation of ACs in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Compartmentalization of bicarbonate-sensitive adenylyl cyclase in distinct signaling microdomains

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that sAC is distributed in specific subcellular compartments: mitochondria, centrioles, mitotic spindles, mid‐bodies, and nuclei, all of which contain cAMP targets, suggesting a model in which local concentrations of cAMP are regulated by individual adenylyl cyclases targeted to specific microdomains throughout the cell.
Journal ArticleDOI

Dynamics in the plasma membrane: how to combine fluidity and order

TL;DR: The basic concepts of Brownian diffusion and lipid domain formation in model membranes are summarized and the development of ideas and tools in this field are tracked, outlining key results obtained on the dynamic processes at work in membrane structure and assembly.
Journal ArticleDOI

Dynamic targeting of the agonist-stimulated m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor to caveolae in cardiac myocytes

TL;DR: Using a detergent-free method for isolation of sarcolemmal caveolae from primary cultures of adult rat ventricular myocytes, it is demonstrated that the muscarinic cholinergic agonist carbachol promotes the translocation of mAchR into low density gradient fractions containing most myocyte caveolin-3 and eNOS.
Journal ArticleDOI

Chromatin remodeling enzymes: who's on first?

TL;DR: Recent developments concerning the role of chromatin remodeling enzymes in gene regulation are reviewed, and several models to explain how different chromatin renovation activities can be functionally coupled are proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Subcellular dynamics of protein kinase A activity visualized by FRET-based reporters.

TL;DR: A new FRET-based A-kinase activity reporter (AKAR), AKAR3, is developed with a dynamic range of 31-41%, twice that of predecessors, indicating differential regulation of PKA activity at different subcellular locations.
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