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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Organization and Ca2+ Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclases in cAMP Microdomains

Debbie Willoughby, +1 more
- 01 Jul 2007 - 
- Vol. 87, Iss: 3, pp 965-1010
TLDR
The regulation of many of the ACs by the ubiquitous second messenger Ca(2+) provides an overarching mechanism for integrating the activities of these two major signaling systems, and cAMP will exhibit distinct kinetics in discrete cellular domains.
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclases are variously regulated by G protein subunits, a number of serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases, and Ca2+. In some physiological situations, this regulation can be re...

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Citations
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Principles of c-di-GMP signalling in bacteria.

TL;DR: This Review focuses on emerging principles of c-di-GMP signalling using selected systems in different bacteria as examples.
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A Coupled SYSTEM of Intracellular Ca2+ Clocks and Surface Membrane Voltage Clocks Controls the Timekeeping Mechanism of the Heart’s Pacemaker

TL;DR: Evidence is examined that forms the basis of this coupled-clock system concept in cardiac SANCs, where G protein-coupled receptors signaling creates pacemaker flexibility, ie, effects changes in the rhythmic action potential firing rate, by impacting on these very same factors that regulate robust basal coupled- clock system function.
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Caveolae as Organizers of Pharmacologically Relevant Signal Transduction Molecules

TL;DR: The role of Caveolae/caveolin in cardiac and pulmonary pathophysiology, pharmacologic implications of caveolar localization of signaling molecules, and the possibility that caveolae might serve as a therapeutic target are reviewed.
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Underpinning compartmentalised cAMP signalling through targeted cAMP breakdown

TL;DR: Genes for these important regulatory enzymes are linked to schizophrenia, stroke and asthma, thus indicating the therapeutic potential that selective inhibitors could have as anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant and cognitive enhancer agents.
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Physiological roles for G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase isoforms: insights from knockout and overexpression studies.

TL;DR: The latest on AC knockout and overexpression studies are explored to better understand the roles of G protein regulation of ACs in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Proton fluxes associated with the Ca pump in human red blood cells

TL;DR: Results are consistent with a model in which the Ca pump in intact red blood cells mediates Ca2+/phi H+ exchange at low pHout, and the rates of the two processes are less than or equal to 4-fold different.
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Lowered responsiveness of the catalyst of adenylyl cyclase to stimulation by GS in heterologous desensitization: a role for adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent phosphorylation.

TL;DR: Data indicate that one component of hormone-induced desensitization of the adenylyl cyclase system can be at the level of the catalyst, where PKA-mediated phosphorylation could result in lowered responsiveness.
Journal ArticleDOI

β2-Adrenergic receptor signaling complexes in cardiomyocyte caveolae/lipid rafts

TL;DR: This chapter summarizes recent studies that focus on membrane microdomains as sites that differentially localizing individual beta-AR subtypes as well as the downstream signaling machinery that generates, propagates, and downregulates the cAMP-protein kinase A signaling pathway.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nuclear targeting of aequorin. A new approach for measuring nuclear Ca2+ concentration in intact cells.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the measurement of nuclear Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]n) with targeted recombinant aequorin, showing that the nuclear membrane does not represent a major barrier to the diffusion of Ca 2+ ions, and that the nucleus does not regulate its [Ca 2+] independently from the cytosol.
Journal ArticleDOI

The plasma membrane calcium pump: Recent developments and future perspectives

TL;DR: Chimeras of the PMCA and endoplasmic reticulum (SERCA) pumps have revealed the presence of a strong signal for ER retention in the first 45 residues of the SERCA pump.
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